The Origin request header indicates the origin (scheme, hostname, and port) that caused the request. For example, if a user agent needs to request resources included in a page, or fetched by scripts that it executes, then the origin of the page may be included in the request.

The Origin header is similar to the Referer header, but does not disclose the path, and may be null. It is used to provide the "security context" for the origin request, except in cases where the origin information would be sensitive or unnecessary.

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\n The Origin request header indicates the origin (scheme, hostname, and port) that caused the request.\n For example, if a user agent needs to request resources included in a page, or fetched by scripts that it executes, then the origin of the page may be included in the request.\n

\n The Origin header is similar to the Referer header, but does not disclose the path, and may be null.\n It is used to provide the \"security context\" for the origin request, except in cases where the origin information would be sensitive or unnecessary.\n

For example, about:blank is often used as a URL of new, empty popup windows into which the parent script writes content (e.g. via the Window.open() mechanism). If this popup also contains JavaScript, that script would inherit the same origin as the script that created it.

Modern browsers usually treat the origin of files loaded using the file:/// schema as opaque origins. What this means is that if a file includes other files from the same folder (say), they are not assumed to come from the same origin, and may trigger CORS errors.

Note that the URL specification states that the origin of files is implementation-dependent, and some browsers may treat files in the same directory or subdirectory as same-origin even though this has security implications.

Warning: The approach described here (using the document.domain setter) is deprecated because it undermines the security protections provided by the same origin policy, and complicates the origin model in browsers, leading to interoperability problems and security bugs.

A page may change its own origin, with some limitations. A script can set the value of document.domain to its current domain or a superdomain of its current domain. If set to a superdomain of the current domain, the shorter superdomain is used for same-origin checks.

Afterward, the page can pass the same-origin check with (assuming sets its document.domain to "company.com" to indicate that it wishes to allow that - see document.domain for more). However, company.com could not set document.domain to othercompany.com, since that is not a superdomain of company.com.

The mechanism has some limitations. For example, it will throw a "SecurityError" DOMException if the document-domain Permissions-Policy is enabled or the document is in a sandboxed , and changing the origin in this way does not affect the origin checks used by many Web APIs (e.g. localStorage, indexedDB, BroadcastChannel, SharedWorker). A more exhaustive list of failure cases can be found in Document.domain > Failures.

Note: When using document.domain to allow a subdomain to access its parent, you need to set document.domain to the same value in both the parent domain and the subdomain. This is necessary even if doing so is setting the parent domain back to its original value. Failure to do this may result in permission errors.

JavaScript APIs like iframe.contentWindow, window.parent, window.open, and window.opener allow documents to directly reference each other. When two documents do not have the same origin, these references provide very limited access to Window and Location objects, as described in the next two sections.

Access to data stored in the browser such as Web Storage and IndexedDB are separated by origin. Each origin gets its own separate storage, and JavaScript in one origin cannot read from or write to the storage belonging to another origin.

Cookies use a separate definition of origins. A page can set a cookie for its own domain or any parent domain, as long as the parent domain is not a public suffix. Firefox and Chrome use the Public Suffix List to determine if a domain is a public suffix. When you set a cookie, you can limit its availability using the Domain, Path, Secure, and HttpOnly flags. When you read a cookie, you cannot see from where it was set. Even if you use only secure https connections, any cookie you see may have been set using an insecure connection.

\n Modern browsers usually treat the origin of files loaded using the file:/// schema as opaque origins.\n What this means is that if a file includes other files from the same folder (say), they are not assumed to come from the same origin, and may trigger CORS errors.\n

Afterward, the page can pass the same-origin check with (assuming sets its document.domain to \"company.com\" to indicate that it wishes to allow that - see document.domain for more). However, company.com could not set document.domain to othercompany.com, since that is not a superdomain of company.com.

The mechanism has some limitations. For example, it will throw a \"SecurityError\" DOMException if the document-domain Permissions-Policy is enabled or the document is in a sandboxed , and changing the origin in this way does not affect the origin checks used by many Web APIs (e.g. localStorage, indexedDB, BroadcastChannel, SharedWorker). A more exhaustive list of failure cases can be found in Document.domain > Failures.

In computing, the same-origin policy (SOP) is a concept in the web application security model. Under the policy, a web browser permits scripts contained in a first web page to access data in a second web page, but only if both web pages have the same origin. An origin is defined as a combination of URI scheme, host name, and port number. This policy prevents a malicious script on one page from obtaining access to sensitive data on another web page through that page's (DOM).

The same-origin policy applies only to scripts. This means that resources such as images, CSS, and dynamically-loaded scripts can be accessed across origins via the corresponding HTML tags (with fonts being a notable exception). Attacks take advantage of the fact that the same origin policy does not apply to HTML tags.

The concept of same-origin policy was introduced by Netscape Navigator 2.02 in 1995,[1] shortly after the introduction of JavaScript in Netscape 2.0.[2][3] JavaScript enabled scripting on web pages, and in particular programmatic access to the Document Object Model (DOM).

All modern browsers implement some form of the same-origin policy as it is an important security cornerstone.[4] The policies are not required to match an exact specification[5] but are often extended to define roughly compatible security boundaries for other web technologies, such as Microsoft Silverlight, Adobe Flash, or Adobe Acrobat, or for mechanisms other than direct DOM manipulation, such as XMLHttpRequest.

The algorithm used to calculate the "origin" of a URI is specified in RFC 6454, Section 4. For absolute URIs, the origin is the triple {scheme, host, port}. If the URI does not use a hierarchical element as a naming authority (see RFC 3986, Section 3.2) or if the URI is not an absolute URI, then a globally unique identifier is used. Two resources are considered to be of the same origin if and only if all these values are exactly the same.

The same-origin policy protects against reusing authenticated sessions across origins. The following example illustrates a potential security risk that could arise without the same-origin policy. Assume that a user is visiting a banking website and doesn't log out. Then, the user goes to another site that has malicious JavaScript code that requests data from the banking site. Because the user is still logged in on the banking site, the malicious code could do anything the user could do on the banking site. For example, it could get a list of the user's last transactions, create a new transaction, etc. This is because, in the original spirit of a world wide web, browsers are required to tag along authentication details such as session cookies and platform-level kinds of the Authorization request header to the banking site based on the domain of the banking site. 0852c4b9a8

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