Use this Conversion Calculator to convert between commonly used units. Select the current unit in the left column, the desired unit in the right column, and enter a value in the left column to generate the resulting conversion. A full list of unit conversions is available at unitconverters.net.

Historically, many different systems of units have been used, where a system of units is defined as a collection of units of measurement with rules that relate them to each other. A unit of measurement is a defined magnitude of a quantity that it used as a standard for measurement for the same kind of quantity, such as measurements of length, weight, and volume.

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In the past, many systems of measurement were defined on a local level, and could be based on factors as arbitrary as the length of a king's thumb. While this may work on a local level, when considering trade, as well as science, having systems of units based on units that others may not be able to relate to or understand makes interaction difficult. As such, the development of more universal and consistent systems developed over time. Today, some of the systems of units in use include the metric system, the imperial system, and the United States customary units.

The International System of Units (SI) is the standard metric system that is currently used, and consists of seven SI base units of length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, luminous intensity, and amount of substance. Although SI is used almost universally in science (including in the US), some countries such as the United States still use their own system of units. This is partly due to the substantial financial and cultural costs involved in changing a measurement system compared to the potential benefit of using a standardized system. Since US customary units (USC) are so entrenched in the United States, and SI is already used in most applications where standardization is important, everyday use of USC is still prevalent in the United States, and is unlikely to change. As such, many unit converters including this Conversion Calculator exist, and will continue to do so to ensure that people globally are able to communicate different measurements effectively.

In 1668, John Wilkins proposed a decimal system in which length, area, volume, and mass were linked to each other based on a pendulum that had a beat of one second as a base unit of length. In 1670, Gabriel Mouton proposed a decimal system that was instead based on the circumference of the earth, an idea supported by other prominent scientists of the time such as Jean Picard and Christiaan Huygens, but that did not take hold for approximately another 100 years.

By the mid-eighteenth century, it was clear to nations who traded and exchanged scientific ideas that standardization of weights and measures was necessary. In 1790, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, the Prince of Talleyrand, approached the British (represented by John Riggs-Miller) and the Americans (represented by Thomas Jefferson) with proposals to define a common standard of length based on the length of a pendulum. In that same year, Thomas Jefferson, presented the "Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States," which advocated for a decimal system in which units were related to each other by powers of ten. A committee that was formed in France comprised of some of the most prominent scientists of the day came to a similar conclusion, and also proposed a decimal system for all weights and measures. Although Congress considered Jefferson's report, it was not adopted. In Great Britain, John Riggs-Miller lost his British Parliamentary seat in the 1790 election. As such, the measurement system was only implemented in France, and in 1795, the metric system was formally defined in French law. It was not until 1799, however, that the metric system was officially adopted in France, though it was still not universally observed across the country.

In human history, various unit systems were developed and used in different regions and cultures. Currently, the global standard of measurement is the International System of Units (SI), which is a modern form of the metric system. Although SI is intended for global use, it has not been fully adopted, and some other systems of measurement are still used in parts of the world.

The intent of this site is to provide a convenient means to convert between the various units of measurement within different systems, as well as to provide a basic understanding of the systems currently in use, and how they interact. Refer to the Common Unit Systems page for further information.

I am new to programming and I am trying to make a simple unit converter in python. I want to convert units within the metric system and metric to imperial and vice-versa. I have started with this code and I found this method is slow and in-efficient, How can I code this more efficiently?

I have been trying to learn a bit more about delegates and lambdas while working on a small cooking project that involves temperature conversion as well as some cooking measurement conversions such as Imperial to Metric and I've been trying to think of a way to make an extensible Unit converter.

I thought this was an interesting little problem, so I decided to see how nicely this could be wrapped up into a generic implementation. This isn't well-tested (and doesn't handle all error cases - such as if you don't register the conversion for a particular unit type, then pass that in), but it might be useful. The focus was on making the inherited class (TemperatureConverter) as tidy as possible.

The generic type args are for an enum that represents the units, and the type for the value. To use it, you just have to inherit from this class (providing the types) and register some lambdas to do the conversion. Here's an example for temperature (with some dummy calculations):

So, to take this further, I would start introducing struct types that take the numerical value and apply it to a unit of measure. In the Patterns of Enterprise Architecture (aka the Gang of Four design patterns), this is called the "Money" pattern after the most common usage, to denote an amount of a type of currency. The pattern holds for any numeric amount that requires a unit of measure to be meaningful.

Because these types of conversions are two-way, you may consider setting up the interface to handle both ways, with a "ConvertBack" method or similar that will take a Temperature in the Celsius scale and convert to Fahrenheit. That reduces your class count. Then, instead of class instances, your dictionary values could be pointers to methods on instances of the converters. This increases the complexity somewhat of setting up the main TemperatureConverter strategy-picker, but reduces the number of conversion strategy classes you must define.

Also notice that the error-checking is done at runtime when you are actually trying to make the conversion, requiring this code to be tested thoroughly in all usages to ensure it's always correct. To avoid this, you can derive the base Temperature class to produce CelsiusTemperature and FahrenheitTemperature structs, which would simply define their Scale as a constant value. Then, the ITemperatureConverter could be made generic to two types, both Temperatures, giving you compile-time checking that you are specifying the conversion you think you are. the TemperatureConverter can also be made to dynamically find ITemperatureConverters, determine the types they will convert between, and automagically set up the dictionary of converters so you never have to worry about adding new ones. This comes at the cost of increased Temperature-based class count; you'll need four domain classes (a base and three derived classes) instead of one. It will also slow the creation of a TemperatureConverter class as the code to reflectively build the converter dictionary will use quite a bit of reflection.

You could also change the enums for the units of measure to become "marker classes"; empty classes that have no meaning other than that they are of that class and derive from other classes. You could then define a full hierarchy of "UnitOfMeasure" classes that represent the various units of measure, and can be used as generic type arguments and constraints; ITemperatureConverter could be generic to two types, both of which are constrained to be TemperatureScale classes, and a CelsiusFahrenheitConverter implementation would close the generic interface to the types CelsiusDegrees and FahrenheitDegrees both derived from TemperatureScale. That allows you to expose the units of measure themselves as constraints of a conversion, in turn allowing conversions between types of units of measure (certain units of certain materials have known conversions; 1 British Imperial Pint of water weighs 1.25 pounds).

EDIT: The usage you want, from your edit, is extremely easy for temperature. However, if you want a generic UnitConverter that can work with any UnitofMeasure, then you no longer want Enums to represent your units of measure, because Enums can't have a custom inheritance hierarchy (they derive directly from System.Enum).

You can specify that the default constructor can accept any Enum, but then you have to ensure that the Enum is one of the types that is a unit of measure, otherwise you could pass in a DialogResult value and the converter would freak out at runtime.

Instead, if you want one UnitConverter that can convert to any UnitOfMeasure given lambdas for other units of measure, I would specify the units of measure as "marker classes"; small stateless "tokens" that only have meaning in that they are their own type and derive from their parents:

You can put in error-checking (check that the input unit has a conversion specified, check that a conversion being added is for a UOM with the same parent as the base type, etc etc) as you see fit. You can also derive UnitConverter to create TemperatureConverter, allowing you to add static, compile-time type checks and avoiding the run-time checks that UnitConverter would have to use. 0852c4b9a8

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