Attempts to classify elements and group them in ways that explained their behavior date back to the 1700s, but the first actual periodic table is generally credited to Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, a Russian chemist who in 1869 arranged 63 known elements according to their increasing atomic weight.

By Crash Course 11:21min

Hank gives us a tour of the most important table ever, including the life story of the obsessive man who championed it, Dmitri Mendeleev. The periodic table of elements is a concise, information-dense catalog of all of the different sorts of atoms in the universe, and it has a wealth of information to tell us if we can learn to read it.

Free Download Animated Periodic Table

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By PBS Digital Studios 5:43min

Some chemists might see the periodic table of elements as a holy testament to the power of science. However, when it first debuted, it was a different kind of holey, and its journey to classroom walls everywhere had a whole lot of bumps. Watch as Reactions digs into the history of the periodic table with the help of a vanishing spoon, a man named after a rooster, and a bearded Russian.

You may also use the color-coded periodic table chart with names, symbols, and atomic weights to find specific information you need for your work. Easy-to-use filters allow you to sort by metals, nonmetals, physical states, group, period, and more.

Alkaline Earth metals form Group 2 of the periodic table. Except for radium, all of the elements in this group are used in commercial applications. Magnesium and calcium are two of the six most common elements on Earth, and are essential to some geological and biological processes.

The 15 metallic elements with atomic numbers 89 to 104, actinium through lawrencium, are referred to as the actinides. All of these elements are radioactive, relatively unstable, and release energy in the form of radioactive decay. However, they can form stable complexes with ligands, such as chloride, sulfate, carbonate, and acetate.

Halogens are the non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table: and include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. They are the only group whose elements at room temperature include solid, liquid, and gas forms of matter. When halogens react with metals, they produce a range of useful salts, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride, silver bromide, and potassium iodide.

When Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table in the late 19th century, he grouped elements by atomic weight. When grouped by weight, the behavior of the elements appeared to occur in regular intervals or periods. The columns of the modern periodic table represent groups of elements and rows represent the periods. The groups are numbered one through 18. Elements in the same group can be expected to behave in a similar way because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell.

Neon is very inert, but a fluorine-neon compound has been reported. It also forms an unstable hydrate. Neon has more refrigerating capacity per volume than liquid helium and more than triple that of liquid hydrogen.

Sodium is never found free in nature. It is a soft, bright, silvery metal that floats on water. It can ignite spontaneously in water, and normally will not ignite in air at temperatures below 115C. Its most common compound is sodium chloride (table salt), but it occurs in soda niter, cryolite, amphibole, zeolite, and many other minerals.

Principal sources of zinc are sphalerite (sulfide), smithsonite (carbonate), calamine (silicate), and franklinite (zinc, manganese, iron oxide) ores. Naturally occurring zinc includes five stable isotopes, and sixteen other unstable isotopes are known.

Amorphous selenium is red (powder form) or black (vitreous form); the crystalline monoclinic version is deep red, and the stable crystalline hexagonal form is metallic gray. Selenium naturally contains six stable isotopes, and fifteen others have been found.

Krypton is one of the noble gases and is characterized by its brilliant green and orange spectral lines. Solid krypton is a white crystalline substance with a structure common to all rare gases. Naturally occurring, krypton has six stable isotopes. Seventeen unstable isotopes have also been identified. Although it is considered to be inert, some compounds of krypton have been shown to exist.

A mixture of four stable isotopes forms natural strontium and sixteen unstable isotopes are also known to exist. Volatile strontium salts, which impart a crimson color to flame, are used in pyrotechnics and flares.

Pure silver is a lustrous and brilliant white. A little harder than gold, it is malleable and ductile, with high electrical and thermal conductivity and low contact resistance. Silver is stable in pure air and water and tarnishes with exposure to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air that contains sulfur.

Ordinary tin is a silver-white, malleable metal that is somewhat ductile and highly crystalline. The distortion of the crystals causes an audible cry" when a piece of tin is bent. Tin comprises nine stable isotopes, and 18 more unstable isotopes are known.

Gadolinium is silvery white with a metallic luster and is both malleable and ductile. The metal is relatively stable in dry air but tarnishes in moist air. It reacts slowly with water and dissolves in dilute acid. Natural gadolinium is comprised of seven isotopes, and 17 are actually recognized in total.

This element has a bright metallic luster and is relatively stable at room temperature. Dysprosium can be cut with a knife and machined without sparking if not overheated. Minute impurities can significantly affect its physical properties.

Pure erbium is soft, malleable, and has a bright silver metallic luster. The metal is stable in air and does not oxidize rapidly. In nature, erbium is a mixture of six stable isotopes, though nine radioactive isotopes exist.

Relatively expensive, thulium has limited applications. It may be useful as a radiation source for portable X-ray equipment or as an energy source. Natural thulium may be useful in ceramic magnetic materials or microwave equipment.

Pure tungsten is a gray and white metal. It can be cut with a saw, forged, spun, drawn, and extruded, but is brittle and somewhat difficult to handle. It oxidizes in air, cannot tolerate high temperatures, and has excellent corrosion resistance. Natural tungsten contains five stable isotopes and twenty-one unstable isotopes are known.

This element is silvery white with a metallic luster, and, as a powder, can be consolidated, annealed, bent, coiled, or rolled. Natural rhenium is a mixture of two stable isotopes; the other 26 are unstable.

It occurs in nature with other metals from its group on the periodic table, is silvery white, malleable, and ductile, and does not oxidize in air. Platinum is instead corroded by halogens, cyanides, sulfur, and caustic alkalis.

Francium is the most unstable of the first 101 elements and has 33 isotopes. Any understanding of its chemical properties comes from radiochemical techniques. The only isotope that occurs in nature has a half-life of 22 minutes and decays into astatine, radium, and radon.

Created in 1944 in a nuclear reactor, americium was the fourth synthetic, trans-uranium element discovered. Chemically, it behaves like those in the lanthanide series and actually prompted revisions to the periodic table.

Sixteen radioactive isotopes of mendelevium are now recognized. Experiments show that it possesses a somewhat stable dipositive (II) oxidation state and a tripositive (III) oxidation state. Isotope 256Mdhas been used to determine the chemical properties of the element in aqueous solution.

Seaborgium can only be created by fusion in a particle accelerator; it subsequently decays to rutherfordium, then nobelium, and finally seaborgium. It is radioactive, not found in nature, and its most stable isotope has a half-life of about 14 minutes.

This element has no stable or natural isotopes and is formed by the fusion of two atoms or the decay of heavier elements. Nine isotopes have been reported, two with unconfirmed metastable states. These isotopes undergo alpha decay or spontaneous fission in seconds or minutes.

Follow the main character as he struggles to understand the periodic table, the elements, and chemistry for the first time. After a rough start, he listens to the teacher and, with some contemplation, begins to understand how everything is made from atoms and their different combinations.

The periodic table has a long, rich history. It is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties. It was first proposed by a Russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, although the concept of organizing elements based on their properties was not entirely new.

There are many trends in the periodic table, and you can learn all about them in our fabulous periodic trends article. Take a look at our periodic table and you can visualize the trends of properties like atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy.

I built an interactive periodic table. In it, you can select any element and get detailed info about it. You can also filter elements by group. This app has PWA support so you can add it you your home screen/browser. Currently, there are two languages - English and Ukrainian- but I plan to add more in the future.

Back to the table. This is something I have wanted to do for a really long time and have even considered it for the last 5 or so Inspires. I had a conversation with my friend, @NeilR, who mentioned that he was classifying the predictive tools into a cheat sheet to better understand when and why you use them. He had a technology track speaking slot at this Inspire and I thought, not only would this content make a great side B, I finally had outside pressure to do this project and get it done for the conference.

Last November the method of atomic layer deposition (ALD) turned 45 years old. The date of November 29, 1974 was the priority date for the first patent in the field of ALD. I considered this a good occasion to share an ALD timeline and animated version of the ALD periodic table on this blog. 0852c4b9a8

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