Research on Lignans

There have been many studies done on lignans, and its benefits. here's a compilation of related literature.

Disclaimer: Fountain of Life is not a cure for any disease or ailment but simply nature’s most powerful plant antioxidant. This document is an on-going collection of studies found online in relation to lignans and it’s benefits.

Lignans and Alzheimer’s Disease 

• Wei M, Liu Y, Pi Z, et al. (2019)
  ”Systematically Characterize the Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Mechanism of Lignans from S. chinensis based on In-Vivo Ingredient Analysis and Target-Network Pharmacology Strategy by UHPLC⁻Q-TOF-MS.”
  2019;24(7):1203.
  https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071203
  
  

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

Lignans and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

Lignan's Anti-Bacterial Properties

• Pia Fyhrquist, Virpi Virjamo, Eveliina Hiltunen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto. (2019)
  ”Epidihydropinidine, the main piperidine alkaloid compound of Norway spruce (Picea abies) shows antibacterial and anti-Candida activity”
  Fitoterapia, Volume 134, 2019, Pages 503-511, ISSN 0367-326X.
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.12.015

Anti-Cancer of Lignans

• Bylund, Annika & Saarinen, Niina & Zhang, Jie-Xian & Bergh, Anders & Widmark, Anders & Johansson, Anders & Lundin, Eva & Adlercreutz, Herman & Hallmans, Göran & Stattin, Pär & Mäkela, Sari. (2005).
  ”Anticancer Effects of a Plant Lignan 7-Hydroxymatairesinol on a Prostate Cancer Model In Vivo.”
  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.). 230. 217-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020523000308
  
  

• Rodríguez-García C, Sánchez-Quesada C, Toledo E, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Gaforio JJ.（2019)
  “Naturally Lignan-Rich Foods: A Dietary Tool for Health Promotion?”
  Molecules, 2019;24(5):917.
  https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050917

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

• Dr Magaziner
  “Stopping Cancer Spread by Stopping Cancer Crosstalk”
  https://drmagaziner.com/cancer/stopping-cancer-spread-by-blocking-cell-to-cell-communication/
  
  

• Markku Ahotupa,  Chester Eckerman, Lauri Kangas, Sari Mäkelä, Niina Saarinen, Risto Santti, Anni Wärri. (2002)
  ”Use of hydroxymatairesinol for prevention of cancers, non-cancer, hormone dependent diseases and cardiovascular diseases by hydroxymatairesinol, and a pharmaceutical preparation, food additive and food product comprising hydroxymatairesinol”
  US Patents
  https://patents.google.com/patent/US6451849B1/en

Lignan's Anti-Fungal Activity

• Pia Fyhrquist, Virpi Virjamo, Eveliina Hiltunen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto. (2019)
  ”Epidihydropinidine, the main piperidine alkaloid compound of Norway spruce (Picea abies) shows antibacterial and anti-Candida activity”
  Fitoterapia, Volume 134, 2019, Pages 503-511, ISSN 0367-326X.
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.12.015

Anti-Inflammatory Property of Lignans

• Spilioti E, Holmbom B, Papavassiliou AG, Moutsatsou P. (2013)
  ”Lignans 7-hydroxymatairesinol and 7-hydroxymatairesinol 2 exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in human aortic endothelial cells.”
  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Apr;58(4):749-59.
  https://doi.org/1002/mnfr.201300318
  
  

• Alexandrine During, Céline Debouche, Thomas Raas, Yvan Larondelle
  ”Among Plant Lignans, Pinoresinol Has the Strongest Antiinflammatory Properties in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells”
  The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 142, Issue 10, October 2012, Pages 1798-1805
  https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.162453

• Di Yang, Chen-Xi Xiao, Zheng-Hua Su, Meng-Wei Huang, Ming Qin, Wei-Jun Wu, Wan-Wan Jia, Yi-Zhun Zhu, Jin-Feng Hu, Xin-Hua Liu （2017）
  ”(-)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol protects against tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation response in endothelial cells by blocking the MAPK/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1”
  Phytomedicine, Volume 32, 2017, Pages 15-23
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.005.

 Lignans as Antioxidant 

• Thomas Moraux, Stéphane Dumarçay, Philippe Gérardin, and Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier
  ”Derivatives of the Lignan 7 ́-Hydroxymatairesinol with Antioxidant Properties and Enhanced Lipophilicity”
  https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01124
  
  

• Kangas, Lauri & Saarinen, Niina & Mutanen, Marja & Ahotupa, Markku & Hirsinummi, Riikka & Unkila, Mikko & Perälä, Merja & Soininen, Pasi & Laatikainen, Reino & Korte, Helena & Santti, Risto. (2002).
  "Antioxidant and antitumor effects of hydroxymatairesinol (HM-3000, HMR), a lignan isolated from the knots of spruce."
  European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). 11 Suppl 2. S48-57.
  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8340422_Antioxidant_and_antitumor_effects_of_hydroxymatairesinol_HM-3000_HMR_a_lignan_isolated_from_the_knots_of_spruce

Anti-Tumor Effects of Lignans

• Kangas L, Saarinen N, Mutanen M, Ahotupa M, Hirsinummi R, Unkila M, Perälä M, Soininen P, Laatikainen R, Korte H, Santti R. (2002)
  ”Antioxidant and antitumor effects of hydroxymatairesinol (HM-3000, HMR), a lignan isolated from the knots of spruce.”
  Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002 Aug;11 Suppl 2:S48-57. PMID: 12570335.
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12570335/
  
  

• Annika Bylund（2007）
  ”Phytoestrogens and prostate cancer: experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies”
  http://www.diva-org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A140916&dswid=-4903

Anti-Viral Effects of Lignans

• Qinghua Cui, Ruikun Du, Miaomiao Liu and Lijun Rong (2019)
  ”Lignans and Their Derivatives from Plants as Antivirals”
  Molecules 2020, 25, 183
  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bGKNaGcq8LpYzxh4hXsVWOERCA4Ky3zR/view

Lignans for Mental Health

• Richard Aiken (2017)
  ”Flaxseeds: single most important food for mental health?”
  https://www.moodforlife.com/post/flaxseeds-single-most-important-food-for-mental-health

• Chen WW, He RR, Li YF, Li SB, Tsoi B, Kurihara H. (2011)
  ”Pharmacological studies on the anxiolytic effect of standardized Schisandra lignans extract on restraint-stressed mice.”
  2011 Oct 15;18(13):1144-7.
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.004
  
  

• Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan, Ponnuvel Deepa, Minju Kim, Se Jin Park, Songmun Kim(2018)
  "An overview of neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement properties of lignans from Schisandra chinensis"
  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 97, 2018, Pages 958-968, ISSN 0753-3322
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.145

Apoptosis with Lignans

• Chen LH, Fang J, Li H, Demark-Wahnefried W, Lin X.
  ”Enterolactone induces apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells via a mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent pathway.”
  Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Sep;6(9):2581-90.
  https://doi.org/1158/1535-7163

• Annika Bylund（2007）
  ”Phytoestrogens and prostate cancer: experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies”
  http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A140916&dswid=-4903

Bioavailability of Lignans

• Jay K. Udani MD, Donald J. Brown ND, Maria Olivia C. Tan MS & Mary Hardy MD(2013)
  ”Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Plant Lignan 7-Hydroxymatairesinol and Effects on Serum Enterolactone and Clinical Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women: A Single-Blinded, Parallel, Dose-Comparison Study“
  Journal of the American College of Nutrition,32:6, 428-435
  https://doi.org/1080/07315724.2013.849578

Lignans for High Blood Pressure

• Jacob Schor (2014)
  ”Flaxseed Reduces High Blood Pressure”
  Natural Medicine Journal, March 2014, Vo. 6,  Issue 3
  https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/2014-02/flaxseed-reduces-high-blood-pressure

Lignans for Weight Management

• Biasiotto, G., Zanella, I., Predolini, F., Archetti, I., Cadei, M., Monti, E., Di Lorenzo, D. (2018).
  ”7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ/6 mice on a high-fat diet.”
  British Journal of Nutrition, 120(7), 751-762. https://doi.org/1017/S0007114518001824

 Lignans for Breast Cancer 

• Jianmin Chen, P. Mark Stavro & Lilian U. Thompson (2002)
  ”Dietary Flaxseed Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis and Downregulates Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor”
  Nutrition and Cancer, 43:2, 187-192
  https://doi.org/1207/S15327914NC432_9

• “Breast Health and Lignans”
  https://www.lignans.net/breast-health-and-lignans/

• Saarinen NM, Wärri A, Airio M, Smeds A, Mäkelä S. (2007)
  ”Role of dietary lignans in the reduction of breast cancer risk.”
  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Jul;51(7):857-66.
  https://doi.org/1002/mnfr.200600240

• Daiki Miura, Niina M. Saarinen, Yutaka Miura, Risto Santti & Kazumi Yagasaki(2007)
  ”Hydroxymatairesinol and Its Mammalian Metabolite Enterolactone Reduce the Growth and Metastasis of Subcutaneous AH109A Hepatomas in Rats”
  Nutrition and Cancer, 58:1, 49-59
  https://doi.org/1080/01635580701308133

• Stojanov, S., Kreft, S. (2020)
  ”Gut Microbiota and the Metabolism of Phytoestrogens.”
  Bras. Farmacogn. 30, 145–154 (2020).
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00049-x

• Ifeyinwa E. Obiorah, Ping Fan and V. Craig Jordan (2014)
  ”Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis with Phytoestrogens Is Dependent on an Estrogen-Deprived State”
  Cancer Prev Res September 1 2014 (7) (9) 939-949
  https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207

Lignans in Cancer Therapy

• Virk-Baker MK, Nagy TR, Barnes S.(2010)
  ”Role of phytoestrogens in cancer therapy”
  Planta Med. 2010;76(11):1132-1142.
  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250074

Lignans for Heart Health

• Rodríguez-García C, Sánchez-Quesada C, Toledo E, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Gaforio JJ.（2019)
  “Naturally Lignan-Rich Foods: A Dietary Tool for Health Promotion?”
  2019;24(5):917.
  https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050917

• Peterson J, Dwyer J, Adlercreutz H, Scalbert A, Jacques P, McCullough ML.
  ”Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction.”
  Nutr Rev. 2010;68(10):571-603.
  https://doi.org/1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00319.x

• Di Yang, Chen-Xi Xiao, Zheng-Hua Su, Meng-Wei Huang, Ming Qin, Wei-Jun Wu, Wan-Wan Jia, Yi-Zhun Zhu, Jin-Feng Hu, Xin-Hua Liu （2017）
  ”(-)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol protects against tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation response in endothelial cells by blocking the MAPK/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1”
  Phytomedicine, Volume 32, 2017, Pages 15-23
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.005.

• Markku Ahotupa,  Chester Eckerman, Lauri Kangas, Sari Mäkelä, Niina Saarinen, Risto Santti, Anni Wärri. (2002)
  ”Use of hydroxymatairesinol for prevention of cancers, non-cancer, hormone dependent diseases and cardiovascular diseases by hydroxymatairesinol, and a pharmaceutical preparation, food additive and food product comprising hydroxymatairesinol”
  US Patents
  https://patents.google.com/patent/US6451849B1/en

• Stojanov, S., Kreft, S. (2020)
  ”Gut Microbiota and the Metabolism of Phytoestrogens.”
  Bras. Farmacogn. 30, 145–154 (2020).
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00049-x

Lignans for Cataracts 

• Kaur A, Gupta V, Christopher AF, Malik MA, Bansal P.(2017)
  ”Nutraceuticals in prevention of cataract - An evidence based approach.”
  Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2017;31(1):30-37.
  https://doi.org/1016/j.sjopt.2016.12.001

Lignans for Cholesterol 

• Biasiotto, G., Zanella, I., Predolini, F., Archetti, I., Cadei, M., Monti, E., Di Lorenzo, D. (2018).
  ”7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ/6 mice on a high-fat diet.”
  British Journal of Nutrition, 120(7), 751-762. https://doi.org/1017/S0007114518001824
  
  

• “Lignans May Help Reduce Cholesterol by 20%”
  https://www.lignans.net/lignans-may-help-reduce-cholesterol-by-20/

• Almario RU, Karakas SE. (2013)
  “Lignan content of the flaxseed influences its biological effects in healthy men and women.”
  J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(3):194-9.
  https://doi.org/1080/07315724.2013.791147

Lignans and Colon Cancer 

• “Colon Cancer Risk May be Reduced with High Dietary Lignan Intake”
  https://www.lignans.net/colon-cancer-risk-may-be-reduced-with-high-dietary-lignan-intake/

Lignans for Dementia 

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment ofNeurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

• Markku Ahotupa,  Chester Eckerman, Lauri Kangas, Sari Mäkelä, Niina Saarinen, Risto Santti, Anni Wärri. (2002)
  ”Use of hydroxymatairesinol for prevention of cancers, non-cancer, hormone dependent diseases and cardiovascular diseases by hydroxymatairesinol, and a pharmaceutical preparation, food additive and food product comprising hydroxymatairesinol”
  US Patents
  https://patents.google.com/patent/US6451849B1/en

• Brandon May (2018)
  ”Polyphenol-Rich Diet May Reduce Dementia Risk in Older Adults”
  https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/topics/neurodegenerative-diseases/polyphenol-rich-diet-may-reduce-dementia-risk-in-older-adults/

Lignans and Diabetes

• Biasiotto, G., Zanella, I., Predolini, F., Archetti, I., Cadei, M., Monti, E., Di Lorenzo, D. (2018).
  ”7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ/6 mice on a high-fat diet.”
  British Journal of Nutrition, 120(7), 751-762. https://doi.org/1017/S0007114518001824
  
  

• Stojanov, S., Kreft, S. (2020)
  ”Gut Microbiota and the Metabolism of Phytoestrogens.”
  Bras. Farmacogn. 30, 145–154 (2020).
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00049-x
  
  

• Sam J Bhathena, Manuel T Velasquez (2002)
  "Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes"
  The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 76, Issue 6, December 2002, Pages 1191–1201
  https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1191
  
  

• Qi Sun, Nicole M. Wedick, An Pan, Mary K. Townsend, Aedin Cassidy, Adrian A. Franke, Eric B. Rimm, Frank B. Hu, Rob M. van Dam
  "Gut Microbiota Metabolites of Dietary Lignans and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Investigation in Two Cohorts of U.S. Women"
  Diabetes Care May 2014, 37 (5) 1287-1295;
  https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2513
  
  

• Pan, A., Sun, J., Chen, Y., Ye, X., Li, H., Yu, Z., Wang, Y., Gu, W., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Liu, Y., & Lin, X. (2007).
  "Effects of a flaxseed-derived lignan supplement in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial."
  PloS one, 2(11), e1148.
  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001148

Lignans and Encephalitis

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment ofNeurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

Lignans Derivatives - Enterolactone/Enterdiol (7-Hydroxymatairesinol/7-HMR)

• Biasiotto, G., Zanella, I., Predolini, F., Archetti, I., Cadei, M., Monti, E., Di Lorenzo, D. (2018).
  ”7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ/6 mice on a high-fat diet.”
  British Journal of Nutrition, 120(7), 751-762. https://doi.org/1017/S0007114518001824

Lignans for Glaucoma 

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment ofNeurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

Lignans for Hair Growth 

• “Hair Growth”
  https://www.lignans.net/hair-growth/

Lignans and Hormonal Balance 

• “Lignans May Benefit Women’s Health in a variety of ways”
  https://www.lignans.net/lignans-may-benefit-womens-health-in-a-variety-of-ways/
  
  

• “Lignans Are a Good Natural Alternative to Hormone Replacement Therapy”
  https://www.lignans.net/lignans-are-a-good-natural-alternative-to-hormone-replacement-therapy/

Lignans for Hot Flashes and Menopause

• Udani JK, Brown DJ, Tan MO, Hardy M. (2013)
  ”Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol and effects on serum enterolactone and clinical symptoms in postmenopausal women: a single-blinded, parallel, dose-comparison study.”
  J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(6):428-435.
  https://doi.org/1080/07315724.2013.849578

• “Natural Remedies For Hot Flashes and Menopause”
  https://www.lignans.net/natural-remedies-for-hot-flashes-and-menopause/

• Stojanov, S., Kreft, S. (2020)
  ”Gut Microbiota and the Metabolism of Phytoestrogens.”
  Bras. Farmacogn. 30, 145–154 (2020).
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00049-x

Lignans and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 

• Ziaullah, H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe(2015)
  ”Chapter 1 - Application of NMR Spectroscopy in Plant Polyphenols Associated with Human Health”
  Bentham Science Publishers,2015,Pages 3-92,ISBN 9781608059997,
  https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-60805-999-7.50001-X.

• Khalid A. El Sayed(2000)
  ”Natural Products as Antiviral Agents”
  Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Elsevier, Volume 24, Part E, 2000, Pages 473-572, ISSN 1572-5995, ISBN 9780444506436
  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5995(00)80051-4.

Lignans and Huntington’s Disease 

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

Lignans for Hypertension

• Jane Alcorn(2015)
  ”Flaxseed Lignan Supplementation in Elderly Participants with Stage I Hypertension”
  https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02391779https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02391779
   

• Sameer Hanmantrao Sawant, Subhash Laxmanrao Bodhankar(2016)
  ”Flax lignan concentrate attenuate hypertension and abnormal left ventricular contractility via modulation of endogenous biomarkers in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats”
  Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, Volume 26, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 601-610
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.005
  
  

• Sawant SH, Bodhankar SL.(2016)
  "Flax lignan concentrate reverses alterations in blood pressure, left ventricular functions, lipid profile and antioxidant status in DOCA-salt induced renal hypertension in rats."
  Ren Fail. 2016;38(3):411-23.
  https://doi.org/3109/0886022X.2015.1136895

Lignans for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Alexandrine During, Céline Debouche, Thomas Raas, Yvan Larondelle
  ”Among Plant Lignans, Pinoresinol Has the Strongest Antiinflammatory Properties in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells”
  The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 142, Issue 10, October 2012, Pages 1798–1805
  https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.162453

Lignans and Immune System

• Marco Cosentino , Franca Marino, Ramòna Consuélo Maio, Marco Gioacchino Delle Canne, Marcello Luzzani, Silvano Paracchini, Sergio Lecchini(2010)
  ”Immunomodulatory activity of the lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol potassium acetate (HMR/lignanTM) extracted from the heartwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies)”
  International Immunopharmacology, 10 (2010), 339–343
  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oxPLwrYIXyTjJ_kFfbndxYLi7S_lkP6T/view

Lignans and Kidney Disease (Renal Disease) 

• Velasquez MT, Bhathena SJ. (2001)
  ”Dietary phytoestrogens: a possible role in renal disease protection.”
  Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 May;37(5):1056-68.
  https://doi.org/1016/s0272-6386(05)80025-3

• Imran, M., Ahmad, N., Anjum, F.M. et al. (2015)
  ”Potential protective properties of flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside.”
  Nutr J 14, 71 (2015).
  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0059-3

Lipophilicity of Lignans' Derivatives

• Thomas Moraux, Stéphane Dumarçay, Philippe Gérardin, and Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier
  ”Derivatives of the Lignan 7 ́-Hydroxymatairesinol with Antioxidant Properties and Enhanced Lipophilicity”
  https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01124

Lignans and Lung Cancer 

• Matthew B. Schabath, Ladia M. Hernandez, Patricia Pillow, Xifeng Wu and Margaret R.Spitz
  ”Dietary phytoestrogens and lung cancer risk”
  Cancer Res May 1 2005 (65) (9 Supplement) 1364
  https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/65/9_Supplement/1364.1

Dietary Lignans on Metabolism

• Biasiotto, G., Zanella, I., Predolini, F., Archetti, I., Cadei, M., Monti, E., Di Lorenzo, D. (2018).
  ”7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ/6 mice on a high-fat diet.”
  British Journal of Nutrition, 120(7), 751-762. https://doi.org/1017/S0007114518001824

Lignans' Derivatives Effect on Metastasis 

• Daiki Miura, Niina M. Saarinen, Yutaka Miura, Risto Santti & Kazumi Yagasaki(2007)
  ”Hydroxymatairesinol and Its Mammalian Metabolite Enterolactone Reduce the Growth and Metastasis of Subcutaneous AH109A Hepatomas in Rats”
  Nutrition and Cancer, 58:1, 49-59
  https://doi.org/1080/01635580701308133

Lignans and Migraine

• Markku Ahotupa,  Chester Eckerman, Lauri Kangas, Sari Mäkelä, Niina Saarinen, Risto Santti, Anni Wärri. (2002)
  ”Use of hydroxymatairesinol for prevention of cancers, non-cancer, hormone dependent diseases and cardiovascular diseases by hydroxymatairesinol, and a pharmaceutical preparation, food additive and food product comprising hydroxymatairesinol”
  US Patents
  https://patents.google.com/patent/US6451849B1/en]

Non-Toxicity of Lignans

• Kangas, Lauri & Saarinen, Niina & Mutanen, Marja & Ahotupa, Markku & Hirsinummi, Riikka & Unkila, Mikko & Perälä, Merja & Soininen, Pasi & Laatikainen, Reino & Korte, Helena & Santti, Risto. (2002).
  ”Antioxidant and antitumor effects of hydroxymatairesinol (HM-3000, HMR), a lignan isolated from the knots of spruce.”
  European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). 11 Suppl 2. S48-57.
  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8340422_Antioxidant_and_antitumor_effects_of_hydroxymatairesinol_HM-3000_HMR_a_lignan_isolated_from_the_knots_of_spruce

Lignans and Osteoporosis 

• Barker D. (2019)
  
  ”Lignans.”
  Molecules. 2019;24(7):1424. Published 2019 Apr 11.
  https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071424

• Stojanov, S., Kreft, S. (2020)
  ”Gut Microbiota and the Metabolism of Phytoestrogens.”
  Bras. Farmacogn. 30, 145–154 (2020).
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00049-x

Lignans and Parkinson’s Disease

• Giuliano C, Siani F, Mus L, Ghezzi C, Cerri S, Pacchetti B, Bigogno C, Blandini F.
  ”Neuroprotective effects of lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR/lignan) in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease.”
  2020 Jan;69:110494.
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.04.006
  
  

• Das M, Devi KP (2019)
  ”A Mini Review on the Protective Effect of Lignans for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders.”
  J Nutr Food Lipid Sci 2019(1): 40-53.
  https://doi.org/33513/NFLS/1901-06

Lignans and Prostate

• Bylund, Annika & Saarinen, Niina & Zhang, Jie-Xian & Bergh, Anders & Widmark, Anders & Johansson, Anders & Lundin, Eva & Adlercreutz, Herman & Hallmans, Göran & Stattin, Pär & Mäkela, Sari. (2005).
  ”Anticancer Effects of a Plant Lignan 7-Hydroxymatairesinol on a Prostate Cancer Model In Vivo.”
  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.). 230. 217-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020523000308
  
  

• Chen LH, Fang J, Li H, Demark-Wahnefried W, Lin X.
  ”Enterolactone induces apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells via a mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent pathway.”
  Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Sep;6(9):2581-90.
  https://doi.org/1158/1535-7163
  
  

• “Prostate Cancer Risk may be Reduced with Lignans”
  https://www.lignans.net/prostate-cancer-risk-may-be-reduced-with-lignans/
  
  

• Markku Ahotupa,  Chester Eckerman, Lauri Kangas, Sari Mäkelä, Niina Saarinen, Risto Santti, Anni Wärri. (2002)
  ”Use of hydroxymatairesinol for prevention of cancers, non-cancer, hormone dependent diseases and cardiovascular diseases by hydroxymatairesinol, and a pharmaceutical preparation, food additive and food product comprising hydroxymatairesinol”
  US Patents
  https://patents.google.com/patent/US6451849B1/en

• Dale Kiefer (2008)
  “Natural Methodsto Improve Vitality, Sexual Function, and Prostate Health”
  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qFtSXsqdNmDMaM6g2TjziN1HpRUsdlj0/view
  
  

• Annika Bylund（2007）
  ”Phytoestrogens and prostate cancer: experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies”
  http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A140916&dswid=-4903

Lignans as Natural Aphrodisiac to Improve Sexual Performance

• Dale Kiefer (2008)
  “Natural Methods to Improve Vitality, Sexual Function, and Prostate Health”
  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qFtSXsqdNmDMaM6g2TjziN1HpRUsdlj0/view

 Lignans and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TMF)

• Yang D, Xiao CX, Su ZH, Huang MW, Qin M, Wu WJ, Jia WW, Zhu YZ, Hu JF, Liu XH.
  ”(-)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol protects against tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation response in endothelial cells by blocking the MAPK/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1.”
  2017 Aug 15;32:15-23.
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.005