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"Nmap is a free and open-source network scanner created by Gordon Lyon. Nmap is used to discover hosts and services on a computer network by sending packets and analyzing the responses. Nmap provides a number of features for probing computer networks, including host discovery and service and operating system detection." - Wiki
In other words, we can determine what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics - with the caveat that the appropriate ports are open and we can successfully ping the IP of the target machine. Below is such an example of a printer server on my virtual network printer.
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