Anodization has been dened as electric field-assisted local dissolution and/or viscous flow of anodic oxides under acidic electrolytes. During this process, periodic nanopores with a high aspect ratio can be produced in the middle of hexagonal unit cells. These cells self-arrange in periodic honeycomb structures through repulsive interactions between adjacent unit cells, owing to volume expansion during oxidation as well as the displacement of anodic oxides driven by large compressive stresses due to a high electric field.

• Simultaneous, multi-surfaces two-step anodization

• Massive & eco-friendly fabrication