Fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and sensitive techniques used in modern science to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. This site will take you on a journey to explore the science behind fluorescence, its instrumentation, applications in real-world research, and the exciting advances that are transforming the field
Molecules absorb light at one wavelength (excitation) and emit it at a longer wavelength (emission).
This process happens in nanoseconds.
The difference between excitation and emission is called the Stokes Shift.
Instrumentation
Light Source – Xenon lamp, LED, or laser
Monochromator – Selects the excitation and emission wavelengths
Sample Holder – Usually a cuvette
Detector – PMT or CCD to capture fluorescence signal
Steady-State Fluorescence – Measures constant emission
Time-Resolved Fluorescence – Observes decay over time
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM)
TIRF Microscopy – For surface-level imaging
FRET – Energy transfer between two fluorophores