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LAC - China

Politics and Military

Chinese Security Engagement in Latin America

China in Latin America: The Western Hemisphere Security Strategy ActInsights from R. Evan Ellis.

Jamil Chade - Temendo China, Europa faz ofensiva por acordo com LulaAs maiores forças políticas da Europa fazem uma ofensiva para fechar o acordo comercial entre o bloco europeu e o Mercosul. Para isso, sabem que precisam chegar a um entendimento com o presidente Lui

Noticias da Floresta - Construção da ferrovia da soja vai 'acelerar a invasão' de terras indígenasPressionadas pela retomada da construção da controversa ferrovia EF-170, a Ferrogrão, lideranças de povos indígenas diretamente afetados por essa obra de infraestrutura na Amazônia exigem serem consultadas.Também afirmam que vão

Lula diz que pedido do Uruguai sobre China 'é justo', mas defende MercosulEm visita ao Uruguai, o presidente Lula (PT) classificou como "justa" a movimentação do país em negociar um tratado bilateral com a China, mas defendeu o Mercosul. Lula chegou hoje a Montevidéu p

Lula Can’t Simply Count on China This TimeHis aspirations for Brasilia’s relationship with Beijing, if similar to those of his previous presidency, would not be well suited for the China of 2023.

Acordo do Uruguai com a China seria destruição do Mercosul, diz chancelerÀs vésperas da visita de Lula ao país, Mauro Vieira rechaça iniciativa uruguaia de iniciar negociações com gigante asiático

Economy, Financing, and Trade

BYD negocia compra de mineradora com maior reserva de lítio no Brasil e que já esteve na mira de MuskFabricante chinesa de carros elétricos negocia com a Sigma Lithium

The Inter-American Development Bank cancels its big bash in ChinaJuan Guaidó’s choice of delegate was unacceptable to the hosts

Chinese Loans to Latin America Top World Bank, IDB CombinedChina lent an estimated $75 billion to Latin America since 2005, with 82 percent of the loans given by China Development Bank Corp., a report said.

Caught in the Crossfire: The Inter-American Development Bank and US–China Rivalry - Global China PulseChina has engaged with Latin America at both bilateral and multilateral levels. This essay focuses on China’s entrance into the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and its impact on regional multilateral governance. It shows that the United States sought to hinder China’s entry, against the will of Latin American member countries. The result of the long process was a weakening of regional multilateral norms.

IDB meets quietly in Guayaquil after China disputeLow-profile Ecuador meeting that was rescheduled after Venezuela row misses an opportunity for openness and participation

Mining and Industrial Policies

Latin America’s opportunity in critical minerals for the clean energy transition – Analysis - IEALatin America’s opportunity in critical minerals for the clean energy transition - A commentary by Alejandra Bernal, Joerg Husar, Johan Bracht

Three Emerging Policy Trends for Critical Minerals in Latin America - Intergovernmental ForumThe Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) works with over 75 governments to strengthen their legal and policy frameworks to promote good governance in mining.

Natural Resources: The Global Mining IndustryThe global mining industry has come under pressure from falling…

Mexico - Mining and MineralsThis is a best prospect industry sector for this country. Includes a market overview and trade data.

brasilminingsite.com.br/now-is-a-great-time-to-invest-in-latin-american-mining-2/

Paula Gama - BYD na Bahia vai além de fábrica e tem contrato que já aumentou bilhõesO acordo para a instalação de fábricas de carros, ônibus e caminhões, em um investimento de R$ 3 bilhões, não é a única aproximação entre a BYD e o governo da Bahia. A chinesa, além de ser a maior produtora de carros elétricos do mundo, é uma gigante g

Latin America, land of opportunityBy Synergy Resource Capital Version: 2023 INTRODUCTION Latin America is a vast region, full of promise and possibility. The continent has an astounding natural resource endowment, from most minerals and metals in the periodic table, to all sources of energy known to

The Geopolitics of South America’s Lithium TriangleThe United States, China, Japan, and most advanced economies are actively engaged in attempting to secure new sources of lithium—a key element in the transition of the global economy from fossil fuels to renewables.

China’s Latin American Gold Rush Is All About Clean EnergyBeijing’s not after gold—but lithium.

The future of mining in Latin America: Critical minerals and the global energy transitionWritten by Caitlin Purdy and Rodrigo Castillo, this report from the Leveraging Transparency to Reduce Corruption project (LTRC) explores potential scenarios in Latin America for the development of critical minerals, also sometimes referred to as future-facing commodities.

Sharing insights elevates their impact

The Top 10 EV Battery MakersCATL, LG Chem, and Panasonic control 69 percent of the market

Benchmark bumps BYD up to top tier of EV battery manufacturers; 2nd China cell maker on listBenchmark Mineral Intelligence has elevated Chinese lithium-ion battery cell and automaker BYD to Benchmark’s top tier EV battery cell manufacturer status joining CATL, Envision AESC, LG Energy Solution, Panasonic, Samsung, and SK Innovation as tier one cell manufacturers. BYD is only the second Chinese lithium ion cell producer to reach...

Analysis: When do electric vehicles become cleaner than gasoline cars?You glide silently out of the Tesla (TSLA.O) showroom in your sleek new electric Model 3, satisfied you're looking great and doing your bit for the planet.

Chinese firms taking increasing interest in S. American lithium reserves - The MainichiJUJUY, Argentina -- A lithium-producing area here in the South American Andes has been attracting the attention of numerous Chinese firms determined t

World Investment Report 2022MORE RESOURCES Key Messages | Annex Tables | Country Factsheets | Regional Factsheets | Regional Trends |

The Top 10 EV Battery Manufacturers in 2022Despite efforts from the U.S. and Europe to increase the domestic production of batteries, the market is still dominated by Asian suppliers.

Mine 2020The Top 40 mining companies are so far weathering the COVID-19 storm mostly unscathed, but global growth is expected to decline in 2020.

FEW Nexus

Food security and power struggle in the Chinese ‘battle of the beans’The mid-2000s foreign headway over China’s soybean downstream complex, known as the battle of the beans, reinforced an uncritical nationalist discourse over food security based on a Sino-foreign di...

China and Global Food SecurityCambridge Core - East Asian Government, Politics and Policy - China and Global Food Security

Vehicules, Tech, Semiconductors

Changan: que marca é essa que vai vender SUVs e sedãs elétricos no Brasil?Em vez de pequenos caminhões, chinesa quer apostar apenas em elétricos

China and Russia Step Up Cyber Presence in Latin AmericaChina and Russia have stepped up their cyber presence in Latin America, while employing cyber tools, including disinformation, cybercrime, and electoral interference to pursue their goals in the region, experts said. Disinformation campaigns through state-owned Spanish-language social media platforms, cyberattacks, such as those the Russian Conti ransomware group perpetrated against Costa Rican and Peruvian government agencies in recent months, and the transfer of cybersecurity know-how and infrastructure, are some examples of their increasing cyber operations.

Brics

BRICS New Development Bank: A Second Bretton Woods or a New Trend with its Own Future?The main institutions of the Bretton Woods system, which have existed since the Second World War, are rapidly losing their economic weight. At this time, key actors in the developing world are coming to the fore, calling into question the out-dated rules of the game, including the hegemony of the West. Instead of destroying the legacy of the last century, they offer an alternative economic system where each player is able to influence important decisions at the international level.

On Lula's Approach to Asia: Q&A with Karin Costa Vazquez - The DialogueInsights from Karin Costa Vazquez on Lula's recent re-election and its significance for Brazil's relations with its Asian partners and in multilateral institutions.

Middle Class Growing in BRICs and Latin America - Americas QuarterlyEconomists, social scientists and policy makers highlight the rapid expansion of the middle class in Latin America, but Jamele Rigolini, a senior economist at the World Bank, emphasizes that this growth is not exclusive to the region. In an article published today in Americas Quarterly’s Fall 2012 issue on the middle class, Rigolini writes, “while ... Read more

The Evolution of the New Development Bank (NDB) at Six and Beyond - A New Commentary Series

How the Growing Appeal of BRICS Challenges American Influence Abroad

Argentina and the BRICS: Port in a Storm or Geopolitical Launching Pad?

Could Argentina Join the BRICS?China invited Argentina to join the latest summit. But a closer look at relations with current members suggests that “BRICSA” remains a distant dream.

Why not try to create a common currency for the BRICS countries?Petr Akopov The Americans offe-red to send Russian military equipment in service with the Col-ombian army to Ukraine, President Gustavo Petro confirmed in Buenos Aires at the summit of the Communi…

The New Candidate Countries For BRICS Expansion - Silk Road BriefingIf accepted, the new proposed BRICS members would create an entity with a GDP 30% larger than the United States, over 50% of the global population and in control of 60% of global gas reserves. By Chris Devonshire-Ellis The Russian Foreign Minister, Sergey Lavrov has stated that ‘over a dozen’ countries have formally applied[.....]

Political economy of South–South relations: an analysis of BRICS’ investment protection agreements in Latin America and the CaribbeanIn the late 2000s, the emergence of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) gave rise to expectations of an alternative for the countries of the Global South in relation to the tr...

Global China

Exclusive: Chinese chip firms stockpile equipment ahead of US-Japan-Netherlands agreementSome of China’s largest chip makers have scrambled to buy equipment and materials this year in anticipation of an agreement expected to escalate export controls.

Quantitative easing the Chinese wayWhile most major central banks are now reversing quantitative easing and raising interest rates, China may need to head in the opposite direction.

The end of the end of historyWith China’s rise and Russia’s war, the unipolar moment after the triumph of the West in the Cold War is over. Five scenarios for a new world order

Global order, US–China relations, and Chinese behaviour: The ground is shifting, Canada must adjustThree profound shifts are coming to head in the 21 st century: shifts in the global order, shifts in the U.S.-China relationship and shifts in Chinese behaviour. These shifts are compelling Canada to reframe its relations with China. First, at the

China sending ‘clear message’ as US prepares to raise debt ceilingPeople’s Bank of China (PBOC) governor Yi Gang remains clear that China must maintain the prudent stance it adopted last summer as the US prepares to raise its debt ceiling.

Market Power and Marketisation: Japan and China's Impact on the Iron Ore Market, 50 Years ApartHow can we explain the marketisation of the iron ore market following the emergence of China, whereas the same market had seen change in the opposite direction following the emergence of Japan, 50 ...

M. D. Litonjua, A New World Order Made in the Image and Likeness of China, International Review of Modern Sociology, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Spring 2016), pp. 57-68www.jstor.org/stable/44510076

Global Japan

Globalized Business of Japanese Multinationals in Latin AmerChina has displaced Japan as the most important Asian trading partner for the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region since the turn of the century. However, this rather pessimistic view of the

New Frontiers: The Asia-Latin America Trade CorridorNew Frontiers: The Asia-Latin America Trade Corridor

Why ‘Economic Security’ Became Magic Words in JapanIn confronting China, Japan is thinking beyond its military. The United States should follow suit.

China EV giant BYD's 1st passenger car in Japan available late Jan. - The MainichiTOKYO (Kyodo) -- The Japanese arm of Chinese electric vehicle giant BYD Co. said Monday it will release its first passenger car for Japan in late Janu

Mitsubishi Scraps Development of Japan’s Homegrown JetMHI has abandoned the long-held dream of debuting Japan’s first advanced jet liner, citing the lack of profitability.

Global US

How the U.S. Lost Ground to China in the Contest for Clean Energy (Published 2021)Americans failed to safeguard decades of diplomatic and financial investments in Congo, where the world’s largest supply of cobalt is controlled by Chinese companies backed by Beijing.

US has huge lithium reserves, but concerns mount over mining – DW – 12/15/2022As President Joe Biden courts domestic lithium production for electric vehicle batteries, opposition by affected local communities grows against the impacts.

Latin America’s Lithium: Critical Minerals and the Global Energy Transition

US losing ground to China, Russia in South American lithium rushU.S. companies are hitting speedbumps in the race to win contracts to extract lithium in the Americas, particularly as the Chinese and Russian governments throw their weight around to land such agr…

Revealed: how US transition to electric cars threatens environmental havocBy 2050 electric vehicles could require huge amounts of lithium for their batteries, causing damaging expansions of mining

How the U.S. fell behind in lithium productionElectric vehicle growth will be responsible for more than 90% of demand for lithium by 2030. The price of lithium is soaring, and establishing domestic supply of lithium has become the modern-day version of oil security. But today, the U.S. is far behind, with only 1% of global lithium being mined and processed in the U.S. This vital mineral in rechargeable batteries has earned the name "white gold" and the rush is on. Several domestic lithium projects are in the works, but will it be enough?

Lithium and an Unexpected Battle for Energy Transition in AfghanistanMost researchers agree that lithium demand will only increase. Afghanistan’s estimated reserves put it among global leaders — if the metal can be extracted.

The rise and fall of American lithiumOver the past century lithium went from being a minor metal with very limited application to being one of the core elements for the electrification re…

The Lithium Gold Rush: Inside the Race to Power Electric Vehicles (Published 2021)A race is on to produce lithium in the United States, but competing projects are taking very different approaches to extracting the vital raw material. Some might not be very green.

The U.S. made a breakthrough battery discovery — then gave the technology to ChinaTaxpayers spent $15 million on research to build a breakthrough battery. Then the U.S. government gave it to China.

US-LAC

China’s evolving economic footprint in Latin AmericaWhile the U.S. is Latin America’s top overall trading partner, China has the lead in nine nations of the region.

WikiLeaks: The Latin America FilesHow “Cablegate” rocked the region, revealing secrets of state—and the hidden hand of the US.

The future of US-Latin America trade relations: What can we achieve in the next few years? | White & Case LLPWhile the Washington Consensus policies resulted in seven years of economic growth in the 1990s, the years that followed brought about a period of recession and stagnation 71% US trade with Latin America is dominated by trade with Mexico, approximately 71% of US trade with the region

China-Japan

US-China

Japan and China's 'hot' economic ties increasingly complexFifty years on from Japan's restoration of relations with Beijing, trade and investment between the two nations is now more likely to feel an impact from political tensions.

The China-Japan Equation: Economic partners, Strategic rivals

China–Japan Competition in Infrastructure Investment in Southeast Asia: A Two-Level Analysis - Chinese Political Science ReviewThe article examines to what extent China and Japan compete in infrastructure investment in Southeast Asia. At the state level, China pursues more geo-economic goals whereas Japan seeks more mercantilist objectives, which mitigates their competition to a substantial extent. At the institutional level, the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the Japan-led Asian Development Bank (ADB) compete for potentially valuable infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia from the supply-side perspective. It is necessary and sensible for the AIIB to cooperate with other multilateral development banks (MDBs), including the ADB. That the AIIB keeps a low profile, other MDBs accommodate the AIIB’s preference, and the non-condition principle catalyses the cooperation between the AIIB and other MDBs. Therefore, there is no need to be alarmed by the competition in infrastructure investment in Southeast Asia between China and Japan because there are still possibilities for China-led AIIB and Japan-led ADB to cooperate at the institutional level.

Chinese Business and Economics | CSISWe provide unparalleled thought leadership for the policy community by examining the hidden dynamics of China’s economy and its implications for industries and other countries

Industrial espionage: How China sneaks out America's technology secretsThe true extent of commercial spying is unknown but experts say it is "pervasive".

Congress Proposes $500 Million for Negative News Coverage of ChinaThe effort to counter China’s ‘malign influence’ would fund negative coverage of China’s Belt and Road Initiative—while also beefing up the U.S.’s international lending.

www.cfr.org/blog/asia-unbound

2022 Annual Report to CongressU.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission

US-China Tech Race: Spies and Lies (Part Two)Is China’s rapid advancement in technology driven by theft of US trade secrets?

The 100th meridian, where the Great Plains begin, may be shiftingIn 1878, the American geologist and explorer John Wesley Powell drew an invisible line in the dirt-a very long line. It was the 100th meridian west, the longitude he identified as the boundary between the humid eastern United States and the arid Western plains. Running south to north, the meridian cuts northward through the eastern states of Mexico, and on to Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, the Dakotas, and the Canadian province of Manitoba on its way to the pole. Powell, best known for exploring the Grand Canyon and other parts of the West, was wary of large-scale settlement in that often harsh region, and tried convincing Congress to lay out water- and land-management districts crossing state lines to deal with environmental constraints. Western political leaders hated the idea-they feared this might limit development, and their own power-and it never went anywhere. It was not the first time that politicians would ignore the advice of scientists.

US-Brazil

Japan

The Future of U.S.-Brazil Security Cooperation: Opportunities Presented by Brazil’s Major Non-NATO Ally Status

CSIS Leading Japan's Digital Transformation: A Discussion with Kono Taro (minister for Digital Transformation)

Constitutional Change in JapanLearn about Japan’s national debate around constitutional revision after Prime Minister Shinzo Abe proposed the need for change in this Council on Foreign Relations Infoguide.

EU

EU outlines new Critical Raw Minerals ActUrsula von der Leyen has outlined the Critical Raw Minerals Act, as the EU seeks to compete with world leaders in green technologies.

The EU to triple renewable production by 2030The EU seeks to triple renewables amid new reforms. The plans will also phase-out natural gas use in the bloc.

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