Research

Abstract: Overeducation, or job-education mismatch, is common among young workers entering the labour market: many individuals work in jobs requiring less education than they actually have. If the importance of individual factors has been extensively demonstrated in the literature, local characteristics of the labour market are also likely to play a role in the risk of being overeducated. In this paper, we study the determinants of young workers overeducation in the first part of their careers, to identify the influence of the local context on the phenomenon. We use data from the French population census for 2019 and estimate the effect of both individual and contextual variables, observed at the scale of the French local employment areas, on the probability of being overeducated. We show that, if individual variables are still the main drivers of mismatch, the characteristics of the area in which individuals work have an impact on their risk of overeducation. The risk of mismatch appears to be lower in more dynamic areas, with higher rates of firm creations and more job opportunities. Studying heterogeneity between areas using a spatial regimes model, we find that this influence is particularly significant in metropolitan areas and/or having a diversified economic activity. On the contrary, this effect almost completely disappears in areas with an agricultural or tourism specialisation. Furthermore, the role of individual determinants varies depending on the economic orientation of the areas. This is especially true regarding the educational level of individuals and business sector they work in.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the school-to-work transitions and early employment trajectories of young workers with disabilities. Using a survey following a cohort of French young workers exiting education in 2013 on their first 3 years on the labour market, I estimate the effect of disability on the probability of finding a (stable) job using duration models. I use several disability indicators to explore how the different definitions affect the results. Overall, I find that disability increases the duration of the transition to (stable) employment at the beginning of the career. This effect is higher when the disability is administratively recognised than when self-reported. I also show that the gap between disabled and nondisabled workers is somewhat lower among the most educated, while I evidence no significant difference between women and men. Besides, mental disabilities appear to be more detrimental on the school-to-work transitions than other types of disabilities, and having multiple disabilities increases the difficulties in the access to employment.

Abstract: The literature on health shocks finds that minor injuries have only a short-term impact on labor market outcomes. However, mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs, commonly referred to as concussions) may be different as the medical literature highlights that they can have long-term health and cognitive effects. We use administrative data on all medically-diagnosed mTBIs in New Zealand linked to monthly tax records to examine the labor market effects of suffering a mTBI up to four years after the injury. We use a comparison group of those who suffer a mTBI but at a later date to overcome potential endogeneity issues, and employ a doubly-robust difference-in-differences method. We find that suffering a mTBI has negative effects on both employment and earnings. Rather than dissipating over time, these negative effects grow, representing a decrease in employment rate of 20 percentage points and earning losses of about a third after 48 months. Our results highlight the need for timely diagnosis and treatment to mitigate the effect of mTBIs on individuals’ labor market outcomes to reduce economic and social costs.

Abstract: This paper explores the influence of spatial mobility on the risk of overeducation of French young workers. Mobilizing a survey following a cohort of young graduates entering the labour market from 2010 until 2013, our results reveal that interregional migration decreases the risk of (statistical and subjective) overeducation. We also evidence that migration to an economic centre (the Paris region) has an even stronger negative effect and that more educated workers benefit more from spatial mobility. These results are robust to controlling for self-selection and the endogeneity of migration, as well as to various specifications of the model.

Abstract:  The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of accepting a situation of mismatch in the first job on the situation of mismatch three years after graduation. The results show the persistence of mismatch at the start of a career, whether vertical, horizontal or total: individuals starting their career in a mismatched job have a higher probability of still being in a mismatched job after three years than individuals with a longer duration of first job search.

Abstract: Although central in individuals' daily life, commuting is a major environmental burden due to greenhouse gas pollution. In this context, green mobility might play a role towards a more sustainable commuting behaviours. The aim of this work is to explore the determinants of a green commuting mode choice, investigating both individual factors and contextual drivers. To this end, we estimate multinomial logit models using mobility data from the French population census. Our results show the role of socio-demographic characteristics on the choice of a green transportation mode, but also the importance of local characteristics, especially transport infrastructures (public transport and bicycle paths). However, exploring the spatial heterogeneity between areas with different degrees of urbanisation, we show that this is true only in large cities, while the effect in less urbanised areas becomes insignificant.

Abstract: coming soon

Abstract: This study explores the link between disability and the experience of discrimination of young individuals on the labour market. More specifically, it examines when this discrimination occurred, who was responsible for it, and the forms it took. Our results reveal that having a disability systematically increases the probability of reporting a discrimination in the labour market, regardless of when, by whom and in what form it occurred. The penalty associated with disability in terms of perceived discrimination is similar in access to employment and in employment. However, discrimination comes more often from managers than from clients, and more often in the form of mockeries and marginalisation at work than in the form of violence.

Abstract:  This work aims to identify the drivers of spatial mobility behaviours among young paramedics, and factors increasing their installation in a rural area. In particular, we study the impact of different mobility trajectories on this installation decision. To do this, we mobilise a trivariate Probit model to study conjointly migration for education, migration for labour market integration, and installation in a rural area. We find that migrations for education are strongly influenced by the availability of educational programs in the area of origin. Migrations for labour market integration, on the contrary, appear to be related to becoming independent from parents at the end of university, rather than being impacted by the overall healthcare supply in the area of graduation. Finally, we find that more mobile individuals have a significantly lower probability to settle in rural areas.

Abstract: coming soon

Abstract: Overeducation can be measured through several approaches, each one leading to different results as to its incidence. This paper aims to build a new and up-to-date measure of overeducation, called Skill Analysis measure, based on the content of jobs in terms of tasks and skills required to perform a job. To this end, I mobilise data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and information about learning outcomes from the European Qualifications Framework. I then compare the new measure of overeducation to usual statistical measures using the French Labour Force Survey. Results confirm that objective and statistical measures do not apprehend the exact same matter, showing only moderate correlations between approaches.