This site covers details on the development of a RC plane by Team No. 03 | Flappy Birds dubbed the Zappy Canard 489 (ZC 489). This Design Project was designated as a part of the module ME3610 | Design of Mechatronics Systems offered at Sri Lanka Institute of Technology in the year 2021.
The Design of Mechatronics System project was to develop a Radio Controlled (RC) plane. This plane was required to carry a payload whilst completing two laps of the SLIIT grounds in a safe manner.
Design limitations imposed on the project are as follows:
Single propeller
Max Wing Span ( 1.2 m )
Payload bay sizing ( 5" x 1,5" x 1.5" with tolerance of +/- 0.1")
1) Safety:
Whilst construction (PPE and precautions taken for team members)
Whilst testing (PPE, precautions to be taken and securing test area)
User Guideline (Aspects of safety the user should be aware of)
2) Completion of flight requirement:
Take off, flight and landing without damage
Complete two flight laps
3) Push to highest payload requirement:
Carry a range between 30% and 80% payload
4) Challenge ourselves with design complexity:
Build Canard type
5) Aesthetics:
Themed: Zapdos (evolution of flappy bird)
Using our design priorities as a guide of reference. We implemented a weightage matrix to make decisions on what we would use out the selections that were made following the team's collaborative literature review.
Some of the decisions made are mentioned below:
The aerodynamic analysis of this plane was done using software such as ANSYS, XLFR5 and SOLIDWORKS. Some key results and diagrams of the Flappy Canard 489 are shown in the image carousel below.
Our methods of fabrication were severely influenced by the COVID pandemic. Having considered the unpredictability of the country's status; facility of material acquisition, material processing and assembly with time consideration were given the highest priority.
Consequently having scored the most commonly used material (i.e. balsa wood, 3D printing and KT board) using a scoring matrix of the above mentioned constraints it was decided that out primary material of use would be KT board.
The canard type RC aircraft, its design was chosen for stability in stall prevention as well as its unconventional design. Through the understanding obtained in our literature study and refinement in analysis through XFLR5, the ZC-489 was designed and its specifications were selected.
The fuselage was designed to be 37” in length, 4” in height and 4” in width. Its simple box like design was chosen for ease of fabrication using KT board, foreseeing the possible inaccessibility to hardware during the pandemic. The wings were selected as; canard wings MH201 of span 25” and chord 6” and main wing MH200 of span 47” and chord 10”.
It was determine that our resultant lift force is 36N (i.e., is able to lift 3.67kg) for an AOA 0º for the main wing. Our plane calculated at 0.8955kg it proves to be more than capable of carrying slightly over four times its weight in theory.
However, it is impractical to assume immediate lift. It is understood that terminal velocity is required to take flight. It was found during the propeller wind tunnel test that our plane would have an acceleration of 4.1256 for a payload of 600kg on a smooth tarmac. And so, it was decided to estimate a practical weight of 600g to an acceptable payload. This amalgamates to a payload ratio of 0.4.
With regard to its resistance structural integrity, simulated load tested as a polystyrene foam (yield strength of 0.379) it was found that our wing loading had a 2.2 factor of safety which is more than satisfactory.