References - Fixing Daylight Saving Time is THIS Easy

Benjamin Franklin and early ideas about DST

• Benjamin Franklin’s 1784 (April 26, 1784) essay on DST to Journal de Paris http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html

Early "railroad times" in United States

• Time-table circa 1857 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference#/media/File:Comparative-time-table.jpg

International Meridian Conference (1884) to standardize time

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference

George Hudson and the first proposal to change clocks twice a year

• On Seasonal Time, by G. V. Hudson (read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 8th October, 1898) http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_31/rsnz_31_00_008570.html

William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, and "Willett Time"

• The Waste of Daylight (1905) pamphlet http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html

• Willett's memorial sundial in Kent, UK https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMJ0QX_Willetts_Memorial_Petts_Wood_Kent_UK

Daylight Saving Time in World War I

• Prerau, David. Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time. Basic Books, 2009.Prerau, David. Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time. Basic Books, 2009

Daylight Clubs in Detroit and Cincinnati

• Why Michigan is on Eastern time http://nighttraintodetroit.com/2017/07/28/why-is-michigan-on-eastern-time/

• Bartky, Ian R. One time fits all: the campaigns for Global Uniformity. Stanford University Press, 2007. https://books.google.com/books?id=rC6sAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA186&ots=YIyUUb5gHv&dq=cincinnati%201909%20National%20Daylight%20Association&pg=PA186#v=onepage&q=cincinnati%201909%20National%20Daylight%20Association&f=false

Lobbying from manufacturing tycoons, labor unions, and baseball teams convinced President Woodrow Wilson to make Daylight Saving Time federal law in 1918

• Prerau, David. Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time. Basic Books, 2009.

DST from World War II through LBJ's Uniform Time Act of 1966

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Time_Act

U.S. States can only exempt themselves to remain on Standard Time

• National Conference of State Legislators https://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/daylight-savings-time-state-legislation.aspx

• Congressional Research Service report 2019 https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45208

1970s Energy Crisis and DST in Europe

• Prerau, David. Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time. Basic Books, 2009.

Energy use increases in many places during DST

• Does Daylight Saving Time Save Energy? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Indiana - Matthew J. Kotchen, Laura E. Grant https://www.nber.org/papers/w14429

DST was pushed by retail and food businesses, and golf

• Prerau, David. Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time. Basic Books, 2009.

• Golf profits for extending DST https://books.google.com/books?id=CLkRx5PDAbgC&lpg=PA198&dq=daylight%20saving%20national%20golf%20foundation&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q=daylight%20saving%20national%20golf%20foundation&f=false

Effects of DST on crime reduction https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2015/10/29/fighting-crime-with-daylight-saving-time/

Effects of clock changing on circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1087079212001141

Negative effects of clock changing:

• More traffic accidents https://www.colorado.edu/today/2020/01/30/spring-forward-daylight-saving-time-brings-surge-deadly-crashes

• More workplace injuries https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-12532-013

• People spend more time than usual on the internet at work https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120307112618.htm

• Can lower stock market returns https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2466/13.17.PR0.109.6.863-878

• Judges give harsher punishments https://hbr.org/2017/02/sleep-deprived-judges-dole-out-harsher-punishments

• People feel more depressed when they fall back in the autumn https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2017/05000/Daylight_Savings_Time_Transitions_and_the.7.aspx

• End of DST leads to more automobile/wildlife collisions https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0632

Sleep deprivation and major accidents (Chernobyl, Challenger, Valdez) https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM199604043341416

The case for permanent Standard Time instead

• Society for Research on Biological Rhythms https://srbr.org/advocacy/daylight-saving-time-presskit/