The validation loss and validation accuracy for U-net are shown on the right side.

Testing = 0.0153

Test accuracy = 0.9272

In the test case, the accuracy of u-net reaches 93%, which is a good performance.

Obviously, as the training progresses, the loss gradually decreases and eventually converges.

In addition, processing one image only takes ~8 seconds on personal computers

Validation loss for U-net

Validation accuracy for U-net

The validation loss and validation accuracy simple CNN are shown on the right side.

Testing loss = 0.0543

Test accuracy = 0.9153

As the training progresses, the loss also gradually decreases and eventually converge. But there are some fluctuations in the process, not as smooth as U-net model.

Validation loss for simple CNN


Validation accuracy for simple CNN

The test sample of the u-net model is on the right side.

We could see that the prediction of u-net model is almost the same as the ground truth.


Input

Ground Truth

Output

In a concussion, comparing the results of U-net and simple CNN, we could find that the u-net model has better performance in both loss and accuracy.

In addition, processing time takes about 8 seconds on our personal computers. Comparing with the entropy-assisted kriging method that takes about 12 minutes, segmentation methods based on machine learning are much faster than typical methods while keeping high accuracy.

So, for Image Segmentation for predicting rock’s transport properties, machine learning based on training data generated by traditional ways can be used to process large volumes of images in a much shorter time.