Fabio Furini received his Ph.D. in Control Engineering and Operations Research from the University of Bologna in 2011 and then served as a research fellow at the same institution from 2011 to 2012. He continued his postdoctoral research at Université Paris-13 in France from 2012 to 2013.

From 2013 to 2019, Fabio Furini held the position of Maitre de Conferences (equivalent to associate professor) at Université Paris-Dauphine in France. He obtained the "Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches" (HDR) in France in 2017, followed by the National Scientific Qualification for Full Professor in Operations Research in Italy in 2019. In 2020, he worked as a CNR researcher at IASI-CNR in Rome.

Since September 2021, Fabio Furini has held the position of associate professor in the Department of Computer Science, Automatics, and Management (DIAG) at Sapienza University of Rome.