This was a very popular Vine clip. In this particular clip almost the entire video is the person holding the recording device saying "Dammmnnnn Daniel". The speaker additionally says "Dammnn Daniel, back at it again with the white vans!" In this particular context, the word damn is being used in a complimentary fashion. The speaker is trying to draw attention to Daniel's white vans. In doing so, the speaker uses an elongated version of the word "damn" to try and add a "wow factor" of how cool Daniel looks in the vans.
This meme takes two images from the popular children's cartoon show Scooby Doo. This show is about four detectives and their dog solving mysteries and trying to discern who the villains and monsters in the show are. At the end of the show they unveil who the monster is. This meme draws on this background information by using the pictures combined with the text "So who's behind all my problems?". Then, the response "Damn" is used as an expression of dismay because the person unveiled is them.
This is an older commercial for the product "Nectar life juice". In this commercial, two girls are sitting in traffic. When the driver takes a drink of the product, the two girls are transported to the desert where they drive freely, and eventually run into a fruit truck. While they are driving wildly in the desert the song in the background is playing the lyrics "I'm gonna feel damn good today". This example illustrates that the word "damn" is often used in song lyrics and in this case it is being used as an intensifier. The singer is using "damn" to essentially say they "feel very good today".
This meme uses a photoshopped image of an old windows computer loading notification. The humor comes from the photoshopped words "Attempting to give a damn", combined with both the fact that the loading bar is empty and the background knowledge that these kinds of Windows updates took forever to finish. In this context, "damn" is equivalent to caring about something. The phrase "Attempting to give a damn" is equivalent to "trying to muster up the energy to care".
This meme uses the image of the person falling in what appears to be a bathroom with the text "Have you ever sat on a loose toilet seat. Damn near lost my life" to create a funny and relatable meme. In this context, the phrase "damn near" is used to denote just how near to 'losing their life' the person was. When used this way, damn can be used as a location enhancer to show just how close someone has come to something.
This is a link to the website "Urban Dictionary" which is a site where people can add slang terms and their definitions. This site can be very helpful for learners as it contains just about every context of a slang word imaginable. At the same time, it can also be overwhelming and not all the terms are widely used. However, this entry in particular is a good resource because it lists ten different definitions of the word "damn" and ten example sentences to go with the definition. This can help to orient learners to a few of the most common uses of the word "damn" in English.