There is a difference between screening and testing. Screening is used to indicate to the employer that an employee may possibly be under the influence of alcohol which may or may not form the basis for further action. Testing is used by an employer using equipment that is more advanced than screening equipment
What are the limits?
This can cause lots of confusion because there are different methods of measuring the alcohol in a breath sample.
In the UK the current drink driving limit is:
0.35mg/l = 0.08%BAC = 0.80 mg/ml (Promille) = 0.8g/l
There is no 'safe' alcohol limit. If people have consumed any alcohol they should not attempt to DRIVE OR OPERATE MACHINERY.
Employers have a general duty under the Health And Safety At Work Act to ensure the health, safety and welfare at work of their employees
1. It is an offence for employees to carry out, and for employers to allow employees to carry out, safety critical work while under the influence of drugs or alcohol (Transport & Works Act 1992 section 27)
2. The Employer has a defence to prosecution if they can show ‘due diligence to prevent an employee from committing an offence (Transport & Works Act 1992 section 28)
3. HSE guidance: ‘due diligence’ requirement can be satisfied by a robust drugs and alcohol policy, including education and training, support for those seeking rehabilitation and most importantly - screening procedures in place for all employees.
4. If the employer knowingly allows an employee under the influence of alcohol or drugs to continue working and his/her behaviour places himself/herself or other employees at risk, then the employer could be prosecuted.
Alcohol intoxication is legally defined by the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. However, taking a blood sample in the field for later analysis in the laboratory is not practical or efficient.
Alcohol that a person drinks shows up in the breath because it gets absorbed from the mouth, throat, stomach, and intestines into the bloodstream.
Alcohol is not digested upon absorption, nor chemically changed in the bloodstream. As the blood goes through the lungs, some of the alcohol moves across the membranes of the lung's air sacs (alveoli) into the air, because alcohol will evaporate from a solution -- that is, it is volatile. The concentration of the alcohol in the alveolar air is related to the concentration of the alcohol in the blood. As the alcohol in the alveolar air is exhaled, it can be detected by the breath alcohol testing device. Instead of having to draw a person's blood to test their alcohol level.
Because the alcohol concentration in the breath is related to that in the blood, you can figure the BAC by measuring alcohol on the breath. The ratio of breath alcohol to blood alcohol is 2,100:1. This means that 2,100 milliliters (ml) of alveolar air will contain the same amount of alcohol as 1 ml of blood.
A person can become impaired when the blood alcohol level hits 0.05. If a person's BAC measures 0.08, it means that there are 0.08 grams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood.