The Process
The Process
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The following video will explain the process of radicalisation in some detail.
Principles
There are three golden principles for Prevent in health which are also common to other safeguarding processes designed to safeguard and protect children, young people and adults from domestic abuse, child sexual exploitation etc. There are also some key messages to remember.
Select all the images for the three golden principles and the key messages.
Notice
Are you worried about a patient/staff member, someone acting or saying things which concerns you?
Use your professional judgement, if something doesn’t feel right, it may not be!
Think child — Think adult — Think safeguarding!
Check
Speak with your manager, a trusted colleague, or organisational safeguarding or Prevent lead
Check your concerns with the vulnerable patient/staff member, or speak with your manager or to a trusted colleague - do they share your concerns?
Share
Share your concerns with your safeguarding team, they will be able to provide appropriate advice and if necessary, have a confidential conversation with the local authority Prevent lead or police Prevent lead which may lead to a Prevent referral.
Key messages
You do not have to make any decisions alone! Trust your professional instinct and voice your concerns
You are not expected to become a terrorism expert but you are expected to follow existing XL Team mandate regarding safeguarding of patients, colleagues and staff. It is no different to any other form of safeguarding i.e. Prevent is not a sanction, it is a supportive process
Most Serious Case Reviews highlight the failure to share information in a timely way to safeguard the vulnerable.
Possible Signs of Vulnerability to Radicalisation
How might concerns about radicalisation arise in a healthcare setting?
Who may be influenced?
Who may be influenced?
People of any religion, ethnicity or age group, including children.
How might a person be influenced?
How might a person be influenced?
They may be influenced by family members or friends, direct contact with extremist groups and organisations or, increasingly, through the internet and social media.
What about vulnerable or at risk people?
What about vulnerable or at risk people?
People who are vulnerable or at risk in other ways may also be vulnerable to radicalisation.
Does that mean vulnerable people become terrorists?
Does that mean vulnerable people become terrorists?
Being ‘vulnerable' or at risk doesn’t turn someone into a terrorist – most of us have some sort of vulnerability in our lives.
What about people with many vulnerabilities or risk factors?
What about people with many vulnerabilities or risk factors?
When lots of vulnerabilities come together, it may be easier for an extremist group to target the person and influence them.
Who do terrorist organisations target?
Who do terrorist organisations target?
Some terrorist organisations have particularly targeted people who appear to be vulnerable, pretending to offer them friendship.
Some Factors that may Cause Vulnerability
Here are some factors that may cause vulnerability or increase risk.
Difficult life experiences:
Difficult life experiences:
Isolation, loneliness, bullying
Family upheaval or adverse childhood experiences
Feeling excluded from mainstream society because of unemployment, poverty, or racism
Identity issues: feeling disconnected from your cultural or religious heritage
Feeling aggrieved that your religion or culture are under attack from others
Drug and alcohol misuse
Who you know and who you meet:
Who you know and who you meet:
Being targeted by extremist groups or individuals who recognise vulnerability
Spending time in a setting where there are other people with extreme views
Peer pressure from others who are radicalised themselves
Exposure to propaganda, often through social media in online chatrooms and gaming apps
Contact with gangs, or criminal groups
Mental health factors:
Mental health factors:
Low self-esteem
Learning difficulties
Mental illness/autistic spectrum disorders
Personality problems
Problems establishing personal relationships
External influences
External influences
Events or issues in this country or elsewhere, which lead the individual to feel alienated from all or part of the mainstream of society, such as:
War or sanctions which harm a country or group with which the individual has ties or allegiances
National policies which support an objective or group to which the individual is strongly opposed
Dominance of groups or ideologies which oppress or disempower other groups within society
An increasing trend of extremist violence which may normalise this as a means of achieving political ends
Criminality
Criminality
People who are already involved in violent crime or who have already turned their back on the law may have less resistance to being drawn into political or ideological violence than people who are normally law-abiding.
People who are caught up in the criminal justice system are much more likely than others to have contact with people who hold violent and extremist views: many people are radicalised in prison.
Identifying Vulnerable People
How do we know if someone is being targeted by extremists?
We very rarely know ‘for sure’. Most of the signs that may indicate radicalisation also occur in people who are not becoming radicalised – particularly in young people who are looking for a sense of identity.
But if several signs are present, or if any sign is present to an exaggerated way, there may be reason to worry.
Online Safety
The use of social media to attract and groom individuals by radicalisers is ever increasing.
Radicalisers are creative in their thinking and are able to communicate with vulnerable individuals in a language they understand using many forms of social media, including those shown in the diagram. They often target the politically or religiously naïve.
Often conversations begin on open social media sites, chat rooms and gaming apps and then move quickly onto private messaging or poorly moderated sites where people can post harmful content anonymously. This allows for more hidden ways of communication and could potentially make earlier identification or removal of harmful content more problematic.
Some people show signs that they are beginning to associate with extremist ideas by changes in their online profiles, including their profile image or name. More information regarding extremist online material and how to report it can be found on the Counter Terrorism Policing website.
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