What Actions Need To Be Taken If There Are Concerns?
Concerns that an individual may be vulnerable or at risk of radicalisation, does not mean that you think the person is a terrorist, it means that you are concerned they are at risk of being exploited or groomed by others.
If you have a concern that a patient, service user or colleague is being radicalised, you should raise this with your line manager, safeguarding team or Prevent lead.
Remember
We all have a duty of care and safeguarding is everyone’s responsibility.
Safeguarding
Safeguarding is part of what you do as a professional – you should:
Be aware of your professional responsibilities in relation to safeguarding and Prevent.
Be familiar with your organisational policies and procedures.
Know who to contact within your organisation if you have any concerns.
Sharing Concerns
Protocols around information sharing should never be a barrier to safeguarding vulnerable individuals. You may be already familiar with those applicable to you through your existing safeguarding procedures. To get a clearer understanding of that process, watch the following video with health professionals sharing their advice and experience.
Case Studies
Have a look at some more case studies illustrating potentially concerning situations.
Select all the images to view the case studies.
Martin is 15 year old who has recently been released from a young offenders institute where he has served a three month custodial sentence for robbery.
He is currently on a treatment plan and is being prescribed medication for a long time depressive disorder, with a history of self-harming and mood swings.
Following a recent visit to the CAMHS team, we noticed that Martin’s appearance had changed quite dramatically since being in custody, and he now has taken to wearing army style combat gear and has a fresh homemade tattoo on his forearm which reads ‘White Power Blood & Honour'.
Martin says that he met some new older lads ‘whilst inside’ who gave him the tattoo. Apparently, they have been 'treating him like one of the boys' and giving him free chocolate and smuggled weed to smoke… he tells you they have 'big plans for him' once they get out of prison.
He is an extremely impressionable and vulnerable boy and I wouldn’t want him to get involved in any trouble.
Do you think we should raise this with the Children’s Safeguarding lead?”
Gary has come into A&E with chemical type burns on his hands and forearms. When I questioned him about these, he says that he burnt himself changing a car battery, at which stage he gets up and leaves the consultation room.
He complained about depressive thoughts and informed me that he is totally fed up with the world and blames ISIS, terrorists and Nazis for making the country unsafe and wants to bring it all to an end.
He is a 32-year-old white male who became unemployed after being medically discharged from the army where he worked in the Royal Engineers, Historically he has used cocaine, LSD and Ecstasy but he now mainly drinks alcohol and smokes the synthetic drug ‘Spice’.
Gary's behaviour really concerns me and i'd like to seek more advice about what to do.
Samira is a 19-year-old student currently in remission from leukemia and being treated by the Trust’s cancer treatment centre. During a routine blood count test, she told me she is feeling very depressed, and going through “a particularly difficult time,” despite her positive prognosis.
When I asked her why she feels this way, Samira replied that the collapse of the ‘Islamic Caliphate (State)’ in Syria has robbed her of the chance to migrate and 'find a noble husband willing to lay down his life for his religion'.
Samira confided in me that now needs to find another way of meeting her religious obligations by 'doing something meaningful for her brothers and sisters who have already given their lives protecting the Caliphate'
She has previously talked about her religion as being extremely important to her, but not in these terms.
When I inquired further into her comments Samira refused to respond and 'just told me to forget about it'.
I’m sure it's nothing but Samira is in a very vulnerable place at the moment and don’t want her to come to any harm.
Do you think I should speak to someone from the safeguarding team just in case?
Niall is 18 and works as a healthcare assistant. He has recently come to the mainland but is originally from Northern Ireland where he struggled to find housing or a job. He is a particularly passionate and involved in Irish republican politics. He has read several books on the subject of ‘the Troubles’ in the province and doesn’t believe in the Northern Ireland Assembly stating that it is a 'mouthpiece for Westminster and “talking never solves anything”.
Niall is becoming more and more outspoken at work and has become aggressive towards other staff members who have challenged his behaviours. When I passed his computer last week he was posting information relating to dissident Irish terror groups on a social media platform. I feel that he may be getting drawn into a dangerous situation and I would appreciate any advice on what we should do to prevent this escalating.
Responsibilities
All parts of the health service have a statutory responsibility to safeguard children, young people and adults.
This includes health visitors, GPs and staff in secondary and tertiary healthcare, for example, specialist hospitals, private hospitals, mental health services, genitourinary and family planning services, dentists and professions allied to medicine.
The most important thing is if you notice unusual or troubling behaviour from those you are in contact with and it is sufficient enough to cause you concern, you should know how to raise it and what will happen once you have raised it.
Think Child, Think Adult, Think Safeguarding!
Channel Panel
Prevent is all about finding the most appropriate support to divert somebody from the path of radicalisation. In some cases, they may be offered support by the local authority through the Channel safeguarding process.
Channel Panels assess the vulnerability of individuals at risk of radicalisation and provide the most appropriate support plan.
The support provided will vary according to the nature and extent of the risk and vulnerability that has been identified by the panel and may include targeted interventions (including faith guidance, counselling or diversionary activities) or by providing access to specific services such as health, employment or education.
The Channel Vulnerability Assessment (VAF) is used by the Channel multi agency panel to identify protective factors and appropriate interventions which need to be put in place to divert someone from becoming involved in potential terrorist activity.
The Assessment works by examining a person’s vulnerability from being drawn into radicalisation, across three separate dimensions of Engagement, Intent, and Capability and looking at these in context.
Based on the VAF findings, a bespoke multi-agency support plan will be agreed by the panel, in consultation with the vulnerable individual, and reviewed regularly to ensure that it is having a beneficial effect.
The Vulnerability Assessment also gauges change in a person over time and once the panel agree their risk or vulnerability has been sufficiently reduced, they will exit the Channel process.
Information Sharing
Data Protection Act (2018)
The Data Protection Act (2018) [3] provides a framework for ensuring that personal information is shared appropriately.
Be open and honest
Be open and honest with the person (and/or their family where appropriate) on what information will be shared and why, unless it is unsafe or inappropriate to do so.
Seek advice
Seek advice if you are in any doubt, without disclosing the identity of the person where possible. Your organisational Caldicott Guardian will also be able to offer practical advice
Share with consent
Share with consent where appropriate. You may still share information without consent if, in your judgement, that lack of consent can be overridden in the public interest or if there are best interest considerations.
Safety and well-being
Consider the safety and well-being of the person and others who may be affected by any actions.
Ensure information is necessary
Ensure the information you share is necessary, proportionate, relevant, accurate, timely and secure.
Keep a record
Keep a record of your decisions and reasons for sharing information.
Legislation
Local Policy
Local policy may vary but in general agencies have a duty to work collaboratively and share appropriate information.
Remember
Remember to follow your local and national guidance on information sharing.
Tell
Tell the safeguarding adults or children lead within your organisation – in confidence if you wish – these are people who can hear your concerns in confidence. Proportional action will be taken to safeguard the individual
Do Not
Don’t be the person who knew and didn’t act – trust your instincts.
Useful Numbers
If you feel that a call needs a more urgent Prevent response, for example, if there is a significant concern, particularly if it is out of hours, there are some useful telephone numbers you can call.
101
The 101 number is designed to encourage people to make contact with the police at an early stage to prevent or detect crime. In terms of Prevent, the earlier authorities can be involved the greater the chance we can intervene with partners and stop someone from being radicalised.
Anti-Terrorist hotline
If you are suspicious that someone is being radicalised or that the call is terrorism related you can call the confidential anti-terrorist hotline on 0800 789 321 (https://secure.met.police.uk/athotline).
999
In an emergency where you feel that there is an immediate terrorist threat please call 999.
Key Points
Don’t rely on others to refer, you have a duty and responsibility to report any concerns you have about an adult or child who you think may be vulnerable to being drawn into extremism
Notice: Are you worried about a patient or colleague? Is someone acting or saying things which concerns you?
Check: Check your concern with them - does your concern also worry your colleagues or line manager?
Share: With your organisational safeguarding lead they will help make an informed decision which may include an onward Prevent referral to partners
Remember: You do not have to make any decisions alone. Trust your professional instinct and voice your concerns