Examples Of The Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings To Bs8110 Pdf Download [PORTABLE]

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Examples Of The Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings To Bs8110 Pdf Download

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In the past few years a considerable improvement have taken place in the understanding of structural concrete and has been incorporated in the revised codes of practice. The British Standard CP110: Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Concrete [1] , has superseded the British Standard Codes of Practice CP114 [2] , for reinforced concrete. Similarly, in America the ACI Standard ACI 318-71 [3] has replaced the previous standard ACI 318- 63 [4] . The major aspects of the revised codes is the limit state approach for designing reinforced concrete struc- tures and the separation of methods of concrete mix design procedures from that of concrete design considera- tions. However, in Nigeria, consultant structural engineers still make concrete specifications based on CP 114 [2] , which states concrete mixes of 1:2:4, 1:1:3 and 1:1:2 produces concrete with compressive strength of 21 N/mm2, 25.5 N/mm2 and 30 N/mm2 respectively at 28 days. However, Olanitori and Olotuah [5] show that these compressive strengths might not be attained due to the clay/silt content of sand, which negatively affects the compressive strength of concrete produced from them.

The collapse of most reinforced concrete structures is by shear failure at the beam-column joint and sudden in nature [10] . In 1962, Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 326 [11] published a report regarding the design and behavior of beams failing due to shear and diagonal tension. To develop safe design recommendations, a database of 194 beam tests without shear reinforcement was compiled. The database consisted of 130 laboratory specimens tested under single-and double point loads and 64 beams subjected to uniformly distributed loads. Based on those data, design equation was formulated and is included in ACI 318-05 [12] and presented as Equation (1).

The ACI 318-08 [19] design shear strength is a simple superposition of transverse reinforcement and concrete strength. The design strength is independent of whether flexural yield has occurred prior to shear failure. For members, design shear strength is calculated using Equation (6).

Since the mid-1980s, there is an increasing amount of experimental evidence showing that the underlying concepts of the provisions of current codes (for example, BS 8110-1985 [6] and ACI 318-05 [12] ) for the shear in particular and, to a certain extent for the flexural design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures are in conflict with fundamental properties of concrete at both the material and the structural levels [21] . Also, only few of the existing shear strength models give reasonable shear strength capacity for reinforced concrete structures con- structed from concrete produced from locally available aggregates.

A lot of work has been carried out to determine the effect of the various types of pit-sand on the cube strength of concrete, however very little work from literature has been carried out to determine the effect of the various types of pit-sand on the resistance capacities of reinforced concrete space framed structures. This paper, using existing formulae from the codes, the estimated and actual resistance capacities of the collapsed building at Oba-Ile were determined, in order to determine the effect of the pit-sand used on the resistance capacities.

Table 3 shows the results of universal testing machine and the PUNDIT6, while Table 4 gives the characte- ristic strength of the concrete from which the collapsed building was built as 8.8 N/mm2 and 8.2 N/mm2 for PUNDIT6 and Universal Machine respectively, resulting in an average characteristic strength of 8.5 N/mm2. The prescribed design concrete strength for the building was 20 N/mm2. This shows a 57.5% reduction in the concrete strength caused by the low quality of pit-sand used for the construction.

The estimated resistance parameters, such as moment of resistance (MR), shear capacity (VC) and collapse load (NC) of the building were estimated using equilibrium equation of a reinforced concrete section with the pre- scribed and actual characteristic strengths of concrete which equal 20 N/mm2 and 8.5 N/mm2 respectively. The analysis equations of the BS 8110-1, 1997 [25] were used to determine the actual resistance parameters of the collapsed building using the actual collapse load. The estimated and actual resistance parameters of the col- lapsed building were presented in Table 5.

5) The estimated resistance capacities, determined using the actual concrete characteristic strengths, gives an overestimated resistance capacities when compared with the actual resistance capacities. This shows that there is the need to investigate the effect characteristic concrete strength on resistance capacities of reinforced concrete space framed structures. 2351a5e196