In my research, I have identified six features of effective propaganda. Once you can name them, you start seeing them everywhere, including in messages you agree with.

It is binary. There are two options. One of them is unthinkable.

It is simple. Complexity is the enemy of persuasion. If it needs a footnote, it isn't propaganda yet.

It is emotional. It goes for fear, pride, disgust or belonging, never for your reasoning.

It repeats. Repetition does not make a claim true. It makes it feel true, which is cheaper and works better.

It is cool. The most effective propaganda is attractive. It has good production values and you enjoy it.

It goes "stealth". If you can see it, it is already failing. The best propaganda doesn't look like propaganda, it looks like entertainment, or common sense, or the news.

I still research propaganda, and wrote articles and books about it. The video above is an introduction to my research.