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The legal status of remixes is often misunderstood by the general public. Lawrence Lessig argues that copyright laws were designed in a pre-digital era to regulate the commercial world and not today's digital world where amateur creativity is easily expressed (Rostama, 2015). Kirby Ferguson believes that "everything is a remix" and that that creativity shares the basic elements of remix; copy, transform and combine (2012). Lessig and Ferguson both challenge whether current copyright and intellectual property laws hinder progress and creativity. You can learn more about the delicate balance of copyright here.
Outside of school many young people are part of informal communities or affinity spaces where they learn and apply new digital skills by "messing around" according to the research of Mimi Ito (Rheingold, 2012). They are remixing, making mash-ups, vidding, creating internet memes and writing fan fiction. The following three videos explore creativity using remix and the legal and ethical challenges remix can present for creators.
Interest driven and peer supported activities such as those in the videos above are part of what Jenkins (n.d.) calls a participatory culture. Henry Jenkins explains what the new participatory culture means in this video.
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Teachers who are aware and educate themselves about remix can guide students to be responsible users of technology so that they can “create, innovate, and thrive” in today’s global digital society (Hollandsworth, Dowdy & Donovan, 2011). To learn more about remix, remix culture and the implications for education and digital citizenship, see the sections Ideas for the Classroom and Explore Further.
Ideas for the Classroom
Ideas for the Classroom
Schools can use a participatory model of pedagogy in a formal learning setting. A literature unit that can be used in the classroom is outlined in the article Remixing Melville: Moby Dick meets the digital generation The lesson plan is available in Teacher's strategy guide unit: appropriation and remixing
Remix can be used in the classroom to tell stories and to teach concepts. Watch how one teacher uses remix in her classroom to get students thinking about the rights of the creator and copyright issues.
A safe place for teachers and students to start remixing is the State Library of Victoria's digital image pool, #remixvic The library encourages people to be creative with their images.
Commonsense Media lessons are from the United States of America. There are two units for different year levels, Rework, reuse, remix for years six to eight and Rights, remixes and respect for years 9-12. Some of the content contained is specific to the United States of America. Fortunately the lessons can be adapted and remixed for use in other countries with the accompanying Creative Commons licence. To find out more about remix in Australia look at:
Explore further
Explore further
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References
References
Affinity spaces. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_space
Australian Copyright Council. (2014, December). Mashups, memes, remixes & copyright [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.copyright.org.au/acc_prod/ACC/Information_Sheets/Mashups__Memes__Remixes___Copyright.aspx
Belshaw, D. (2014). The Essential Elements of Digital Literacies. Retrieved from http://digitalliteraci.es
Common Sense Media. (2016). Rework, reuse, remix (6-8). Retrieved from https://www.commonsensemedia.org/educators/lesson/rework-reuse-remix-6-8
Common Sense Media. (2016). Rights, remixes, and respect (9-12). Retrieved fromhttps://www.commonsensemedia.org/educators/lesson/rights-remixes-and-respect
Fan fiction. (n.d.). In Merriam Webster dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fan%20fiction
Ferguson, K. [TEDGlobal]. (2012, June). Kirby Ferguson: Embrace the remix [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/kirby_ferguson_embrace_the_remix?language=en
Internet meme. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_meme
Jenkins, H. [MITTechTV]. (n.d.). What is Participatory Culture? [Video file]. Retrieved from http://video.mit.edu/watch/what-is-participatory-culture-3027/
Malbon, K. (2016). Remix for Teachers. Retrieved from https://tackk.com/mxjrvf
New Media Literacies. (2009, May 27). DJ culture: sampling and ethics. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvJ1nKxAVFs&feature=youtu.be
New Media Literacies. (2009, May 26). When is it okay to appropriate? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4yVuZPX4os&feature=youtu.be
New Media Literacies. (2009, June 16). What is vidding? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbxFt35edWo&feature=youtu.be
Project New media Literacies. (2016). Teachers' strategy guide unit: Appropriation and remixing. Retrieved from http://www.newmedialiteracies.org/teachers-strategy-guide-approp/
Rheingold, H. (2012). Net smart: How to thrive online. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Rostama, G. (2015). Remix Culture and Amateur Creativity: A Copyright Dilemma. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2015/03/article_0006.html
Schwartz, K. (2013, March 8). Remixing Melville: Moby Dick meets the digital generation. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/03/08/remixing-melville-moby-dick-meets-the-digital-generation/
National Copyright Unit, Copyright Advisory Groups (Schools and TAFE). (n.d.). Smartcopying. Appendix 4: Free to mix. Retrieved from http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open-education/open-education-resources/open-educational-resources-(oer)-a-toolkit-for-teachers-curriculum-and-elearning-developers/appendix-4---free-to-mix
National Copyright Unit, Copyright Advisory Groups (Schools and TAFE). (n.d.). Smartcopying. Information sheets: Schools. Retrieved from http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/information-sheets/schools
Vidding. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidding
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