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Newsgroups:
News:no.kultur.folklore.ufo
Subject: Background: Atomic and nuclear physics. English version -
Re: The main-program (message from ET, Aliens)
Followup-To:
News:no.kultur.folklore.ufo
Date: Mon, 29 May 2017 10:22:19 +0200, (CET 10:22, GMT 08:22)
Organization: A noiseless patient Spider
19789A news:ogglhl$6jr$1@news.eternal-september.org
https://sites.google.com/site/etbible/home/background/atomic-physics/english
https://groups.google.com/d/msg/no.kultur.folklore.ufo/MrP3VUpSU70/4Sety6GUBgAJ
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Background knowledge:
Baggrundskendskab:
Atomic and nuclear physics
Atom- og kernefysik
https://sites.google.com/site/etbible/home/background/atomic-physics
https://sites.google.com/site/etbible/home/background/atomic-physics/english
All visible substance
Alt synligt stof
(in the Universe from stars, interstellart dust and fog)
(i Universet fra stjerner, interstellart støv og tåger)
consists of elements called atoms.
består af grundstoffer, kaldet atomer.
If you arrange these elements
Ordner man disse grundstoffer
according to physical and chemical properties,
efter fysiske og kemiske egenskaber,
får man Det Periodiske System
you get the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table and its isotopes
Det Periodiske System og dets isotoper
Each atom is constructed of a positively charged kernel,
Hvert atom er opbygget af en positivt ladet kerne,
about which negative Electrons circulate.
hvorom negative elektroner kredser.
The core consists of 2 kinds of devices:
Kernen består af 2 slags enheder:
Positive protons and Neutral neutrons.
Positive protoner og neutrale neutroner.
An element has only a certain number of protons (atomic number),
Et grundstof har kun et bestemt antal protoner (atomets nummer),
while the number of neutrons may vary.
mens neutronernes antal kan veksle.
The first element of the Periodic Table is hydrogen (hydrogen)
Det første grundstof i Det Periodiske System er Brint (Hydrogen),
and can Thus consists of a total of 6 variants
og kan således består af i alt 6 varianter
(also called isotopes):
(også kaldet isotoper):
1. 1 proton + 0 neutroner (1-H-1)
2. 1 proton + 1 neutroner (1-H-2)
3. 1 proton + 2 neutroner (1-H-3)
4. 1 proton + 3 neutroner (1-H-4)
5. 1 proton + 4 neutroner (1-H-5)
6. 1 proton + 5 neutroner (1-H-6)
They weigh differently (these 6 variants),
De vejer forskelligt (disse 6 varianter),
but what more interesting is (in this specific context)
men hvad mere interessant er (i denne specifikke sammenhæng)
are as follows:
er følgende:
Half life
Halveringstid
Some isotopes of some elements are stable,
Nogle grundstoffers isotoper er stabile,
while others are unstable;
mens andre er ustabile;
which means, that they over time decays to minor components.
hvilket betyder, at de med tiden henfalder til mindre bestanddele.
The half-life can be divided for instans in the following groups:
Halveringstiden kan inddeles fx. i følgende grupper:
Ustabile
1-10 days
10-100 days
100 days - 10 years
10 - 10.000 years
> 10.000 years
Naturally radioactive
Stabile
Ustabil
1-10 dage
10-100 dage
100 dage - 10 år
10 - 10.000 år
> 10.000 år
Naturligt radioaktivt
Stabile
The half-life of Brints 6 isotopes is as follows:
Halveringstiden for Brints 6 isotoper er følgende:
1-H-1 Stable Isotope
1-H-2 Stable Isotope
1-H-3 Half life: 12,33 Years
1-H-4 Half life: Unknown (lower that 1 day)
1-H-5 Half life: Unknown (lower that 1 day)
1-H-6 Half life: Unknown (lower that 1 day)
1-H-1 stabil isotop
1-H-2 stabil isotop
1-H-3 Halveringstid: 12,33 år
1-H-4 Halveringstid: Ukendt (mindre end 1 dag)
1-H-5 Halveringstid: Ukendt (mindre end 1 dag)
1-H-6 Halveringstid: Ukendt (mindre end 1 dag)
For example,
For eksempel,
If we have 1 kg 1-H-3 (fictional seen)
Hvis vi har 1 kg 1-H-3 (fiktiv set),
then there will be
da vil der være ...
1.
after 12.33 years only 500 grams left of the substance 1-H-3.
efter 12,33 år kun 500 gram tilbage af stoffet 1-H-3.
After another 12.33 years,
Efter yderligere 12,33 år,
which means ...
det vil sige ...
2
After 24.66 years there will only be 250 grams left of the
substance 1-H-3.
efter 24,66 år vil der kun være 250 gram tilbage af stoffet 1-H-3.
And so on
Og så videre
After just 10 half-lives,
Efter blot 10 halveringstider,
which means ...
det vil sige ...
10
After 123.3 years there will be only 0.97656 grams left of the
substance 1-H-3.
efter 123,3 år vil der kun være 0,97656 gram tilbage af stoffet 1-H-3.
That will say,
Det vil altså sige,
that after just 10 half-lives the substance is (as well as) disappeared!
at efter blot 10 halveringstider er stoffet (så godt som) forsvundet!
Far from all of elements isotopes have such a short half-life,
Langtfra alle grundstoffers isotoper har en så kort halveringstid,
And these isotopes thus occur in nature
og disse isotoper forekommer således i naturen
(in addition to the stable ones).
(foruden de stabile).
The best known of them all is the element Uranium (92-U),
Bedst kendt af dem alle er grundstoffet Uran (92-U),
since one of its isotopes, 92-U-238,
idet et af dets isotoper, 92-U-238,
has a half-life of the entire 4,468 billion years.
har en halveringstid på hele 4,468 milliarder år.
Only about 20 of the natural elements are radioactive,
Kun ca. 20 af de naturlige grundstoffer er radioaktive,
especially those having an atomic weight over 206,
især de der har atomvægt over 206,
several of which, like 92-U-238, have a very long half-life.
hvoraf flere ligesom 92-U-238 har en meget lang halveringstid.
Because of this fact
På grund af denne kendsgerning
scientists have been able to *date* our solar system's age
har videnskabsfolk kunnet *datere* vort solsystems alder
to be about 4.6 billion years old.
til at være på ca. 4,6 milliarder år gammel.
A complete list of *all* known isotopes can be downloaded from ...
En komplet liste over *alle* kendte isotoper kan downloades fra ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclides
From this table you can see, that ...
Fra denne tabel kan du se, at ...
1.
Proton-counter
Proton-tæller
Not all elements have stable isotopes at all.
Ikke alle grundstoffer har overhovedet stabile isotoper.
The exceptions are the atomic numbers ...
Undtagelserne er atom-numrene ...
43, 61, 84-111
(Total of 30 pieces)
(i alt 30 stk.)
2.
Neutron-counter
Neutron-tæller
Similarly, there are also some isotopes
På tilsvarende vis er der også nogle isotoper
with a certain number of *neutrons*,
med et bestem antal *neutroner*,
which also are not stable. These are:
som heller ej er stabile. Disse er:
19, 21, 35, 39, 45, 61, 71, (84), (87), 89, (109), 115, 123, 127-163.
(Total of 50 (or 47) pieces)
(i alt 50 (eller 47) stk.)
You can in a way call this Isotope pattern for
Man kan på en måde kalde dette isotop-mønster for
the "'fingerprints" of The Periodic Systems
Det Periodiske Systems "fingeraftryk"
A question arises:
Et spørgsmålet melder sig:
Do this *always* apply?
Gør dette sig *altid* gældende ?
Yes! ...
Ja! ...
The properties of radioactive substances are
Radioaktive stoffers egenskaber er
independent of external influences.
uafhængige af ydre påvirkninger.
You can put it in the oven, in the freezer or
Man kan putte det i ovnen, i fryseren eller
in a new chemical environment without effect.
i et nye kemiske omgivelser uden effekt.
The half-life *stays* the same!
Halveringstiden *forbliver* den samme!
Do this apply *everywhere* in the Universe?
Gør dette sig så gældende *overalt* i Universet ?
(Also here is the answer
(Også her er svarer:)
Yes!
Ja!
No matter where in the universe we are,
Uanset hvor i Universet vi befinder os,
this law of nature prevails, because ...
gør denne naturlov sig gældende, fordi ...
We can investigate star light using spectroscopy,
Vi kan undersøge stjerners lys ved hjælp af spektroskopi,
revealing the elemental composition.
hvorved grundstof-sammensætningen afsløres.
Older stars in our galaxy
Ældre stjerner i vores galakse
are largely missing elements heavier than helium.
mangler stort set grundstoffer tungere end helium.
Nova and supernova explosions
Nova- og supernova-eksplosioner
All the heavier elements,
Alle de tungere grundstoffer,
where the atomic number is greater than hydrogen and helium,
hvor atom-nummeret er større end Brint og Helium,
has been produced by nuclear fusion in the stars
er blevet frembragt ved kernefusion i stjernerne
and has spread throughout the interstellar space
og er blevet spredt ud i det interstellare rum
by nova and supernova explosions.
ved nova- og supernova-eksplosioner.
Later generations of stars, including our own star, the Sun
Senere generationer af stjerner, heriblandt vor egen stjerne, Solen,
formed by this gas
dannet af denne gas,
has therefore become more and more rich in heavy elements.
er derfor blevet mere og mere rige på tunge grundstoffer.
We can constantly observe
Vi kan til stadighed iagttage
these nova and supernova explosions around our universe.
disse nova- og supernova-eksplosioner rundt omkring i vort Univers.
In our own galaxy,
I vor egen galakse
there have thus been 4 supernova explosions
har der således været 4 supernova eksplosioner
in the last 1000 years
i de sidste 1000 år
in the years 1000, 1006, 1054 (Krabbetågen) and 1572
i årene 1000, 1006, 1054 (Krabbetågen) og 1572
Even in very young galaxies far, far away,
Også i meget unge galakser langt, langt borte,
we can now observe these super-nova explosions,
kan vi nu-og-da iagttage disse super-nova-eksplosioner,
why the conclusion must be,
hvorfor konklusionen må være,
that this law of nature applies *everywhere* in the universe
at denne naturlov gør sig gældende *overalt* i Universet
allthrough its development.
igennem hele dets udvikling.
The main conclusion must therefore be, that ...
Hoved-konklusionen må derfor blive, at ...
You can in a way call this Isotope pattern for
Man kan på en måde kalde dette isotop-mønster for
the "'fingerprints" of The Periodic Systems
Det Periodiske Systems "fingeraftryk"
This fact (in terms of all half-lives of all isotopes)
Denne kendsgerning (angående samtlige isotopers halveringstider)
then comes in practice to mean, that
kommer så i praksis til at betyde, at
a hypothetical extraterrestrial civilization in another solar system
en hypotetisk udenjordisk civilisation i et andet solsystem
maybe even in another galaxy
måske endog i en anden galakse
(fx. our neighbor-galaxy Andromeda-galaxy, M31),
(fx. vores nabo-galakse Andromeda-galaksen, M31),
will at some time or another (in their development)
vil på et-eller-andet tidspunkt (i deres udvikling)
get to the *same* scientific information like us.
nå frem til de *selvsamme* videnskablige oplysninger som os.
And we can use that (in our SETI program)
Og dét kan vi udnytte (i vores SETI-program)
*AND THEY CAN USE IT TOO* (in their SETI program)
*OG DE KAN OGSÅ BRUGE DET* (i deres SETI-program)
Searchstring therefore:
Søgestreng derfor:
(if we fx. receive a radio message from Space)
(hvis vi f.eks. modtager et radiobudskab fra Rummet)
43, 61, 84-111
and/or ...
og/eller ...
19, 21, 35, 39, 45, 61, 71, (84), (87), 89, (109), 115, 123, 127-163.
END-of-Background knowledge
SLUT-på-Baggrundskendskab
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Med venlig hilsen,
Mogens Kall, The servant of Michael.
--
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