MO HB1769 = An Arrogant Power That Denies The Right To Appeal From Its Decisions

Re: Question for josh hawley, MISSOURI STATE ATTORNEY GENERAL:

Sir, are you trying to incite riot amongst the people, by in-flaming our pulpits after you shuttered the windows and locked the doors of our (courthouses) sanctuaries?

Herbert Spencer (H.S.) principle: “There is a principle which is a bar against all information; which is used as proof against all arguments, and which cannot fail to keep man in everlasting ignorance; that principle is condemnation before investigation”.

This is a motto i try hard to live by, josh; when i exercise it, it serves me well, saves me from embarrassment.

I applied it to 2 things, recently:

1. The contents/intents expressed in HB1769, STATE OF MISSOURI
2. The August 29, 2018 article in one of your State’s local town paper, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

As i priorly had analyzed your HB1769 -(I’ll say your’s, josh, because it is of your STATE CORPORATION, and you told me last January or so, that you serve the STATE; so, you’ve assumed ownership of that HB, now),

i was made to realize that the intent that is expressed in it, is the closing of the courthouse door, via the closing of the business windows, there-in.

The main thrust of HB 1769 is aimed at the filing of any documents of virtually any kind, and that are being filed (allegedly) fraudulently, with knowledge (allegedly) of fraud in the intent of the filer. However, as i studied your Bill 1769, the H. S. principle revealed that common-law filings, listed fore-most, are your greatest perceived threat.

Now that which people fear most, usually is the first subject they broach in any kind of a relevant-to-it conversation, josh; and since common-law is your first-out-of-the-chute subject, i am curious: Why do you express such fear?

When you ran for Missouri State Attorney General, you did run and gain office on a platform you built of words, sir, in which repeatedly you made claim as “to be a constitutionally-minded man”; yet, here you are, backing a bill that vents the political fears and views of the Judicial-political leadership of STATE OF MISSOURI (or is it Missouri State) or is it State of Missouri), for a full 4 ½ pages, josh, revealing that your cabinet, as it were, is full of anti-constitutionalists, seditionists, sir!

How can i say such a thing? Well, Mr. Constitutionalist, here’s how: “1st in time, 1st in line”. You know that this is a direct reference to creation of power(s), in this case called Jurisdictions; go to 1789 Constitution, Article III, Section 2, line 1: The judicial Power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, ...Hmm…; 1st in time, 1st in line: “Law”; so, josh, what kind of ‘law’ is spoken First into existence? The answer, josh, is in Article 6, 1789 C.: ‘This Constitution…, shall be the Supreme law of the land’. Hmm, Common-on-the-land, law of the land’. Hmm, Common-on-the-land law, josh; Common-law, on the land, sir, and further clarified in the 6th Amendment, 2x: ‘In suits at common law, …; and (in part)’...than according to the rules of the common law’.

There it is, you see; unless of course, one operates a STATE OF DENIAL while claiming Constitutionality, out of the other side of their mouth.

Where does this leave “ We, the people”, then, josh? Well, it’s real clear that the final say is written in Article 6, sir; you know, those last few words ending Section 2: (and inclusive of the lead-in of Section 2):, “...anything found in the Constitution (of) or laws of any State, to the Contrary: not with standing.” * Comma, colon, and word separation is mine for effect only, is not original.

Then, back to the lead-in: ‘This Constitution, …; and the Judges in every State shall be bound there-by,..’

Explain to me again, please sir, just how HB 1769 is ‘with-standing’ in it’s up-front ‘Contrariness’ to the Supremacy clause, Article 6;

Tell me how it is, sir, that every Judge in your STATE/State is going to honor the Oath They each took to “uphold and defend”, when HB 1769 diverts them away, in fact goes so far as to completely stop them by stopping ‘your’common peoples “common law”, josh?

Hmm...and now, you want our pulpits virtually forced to become the megaphones for this double-mindedness, anti-constitutional double-speak that is certain to inflame the passions of your people, inveigling them to take action and stands that then will meet with sheer and utter frustration, down at their local courthouses, (which, by the way, are operating in trespass, as none of them have lawful title and deed held produceable, as to Federal possession gained by the “voluntary compliance” of the local citizenry, as required by the 1787 Northwest ordinance, further recognized by the 1789 Constitution, yet destroyed by the Rogment act of Congress, on 30 june, 1864)

Have you gone mad, sir? Are ye daft?! Your desire, sir, is to incite riot amongst the people, by first shutting down all avenues of (filing) Constitutional ‘with-standing’ escape routes,and this a-kin to shuttering and pegging the church windows; then closing and BARing the (court)- house door, and then setting the whole assemblage a-fire in a pulpit, igniting the passions of a desperate crowd, leaving them no way out, no way out…; surely then,sir, they will revolt,especially when at last they realize that Trump’s signing of the Johnson amendment was, in reality, the necessary mechanism for Donald to be able to fulfill his pledge to resurrect the 1798 Aliens and Seditions act,which forbids any questioning, in any fashion, the actions of the (alleged) GOVERNMENT...just like HB 1769...

You know, i saw this before; where was it...Oh yes, in Mel Gibson’s movie, ‘The Patriot’; you remember, sir, the part where the whole town’s people were in church, then came the British Dragoons, extracted information, got people to turn on each other, lied, shuttered the windows, pegged ‘em tight, closed and BARred the door, “katy”…;

Silent leges inter-arma: (Page 1240, Black’s 5th) “The rule/power of law is suspended during times of war.” Perpetual war=perpetual no-rule of law; war SILENT, is cont’d by SILENT Proclamation/P.resident & Con Gress, 2x1 Year = 1x, each 6 months.

Hmm....; ‘pears to me, that you-all are a-workin’ for the union, sir; and that the south, once again, is under fire...just sayin…

ernie wayne ter telgte

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Comment: This notice is felt by the people of Missouri State that the Lord has begun to act to stop the rising tide of corruption issuing from Rome/British Crown via the subsidiary corporation called the STATE OF MISSOURI via this article exposing MO HB 1769.

Comment: Crafty STATE OF MISSOURI leaders were enraged to see their profits endangered if MO HB 1769 is thwarted.

Comment: I would compare HB 1769 the same as the power that ruled the world 500 years ago to which Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg, Germany: How so?

Five hundred years ago, on Oct. 31, 1517, the small-town monk Martin Luther marched up to the castle church in Wittenberg and nailed his 95 Theses to the door, thus lighting the flame of the Reformation — the split between the Catholic and Protestant churches.

• "arrogant power that denied the right to appeal from its decisions":

"Luther's theses spread through all Germany and in a few weeks had echoed throughout Europe. Many devoted Roman Catholics read them with joy, recognizing the voice of God in them. They felt that the Lord had begun to act to stop the rising tide of corruption issuing from Rome. Princes and magistrates secretly rejoiced that a limit was to be put on the arrogant power that denied the right to appeal from its decisions.

Crafty church leaders were enraged to see their profits endangered. The Reformer had bitter accusers to meet. “Who does not know,” he responded, “that it is rare for someone to suggest any new idea without ... being accused of stirring up quarrels? ... Why were Christ and all the martyrs put to death? Because ... they advanced novelties without having first humbly taken counsel of the established religious leaders.”13D'Aubigné, book 3, chapter 6.

The accusations of Luther's enemies, their misrepresentation of his intentions, and their hate-filled assaults on his character swept over him like a flood. He had felt confident that the leaders would gladly unite with him in reform. Looking forward, he had seen a brighter day dawning for the church.

But encouragement from some leaders had changed to criticism. Many officials of church and state soon saw that the acceptance of these truths would effectively undermine Rome's authority, stop thousands of streams now flowing into her treasury, and so restrict the luxury of the papal leaders. To teach the people to look to Christ alone for salvation would overthrow the pope's throne andeventually destroy their own authority. So they set themselves against Christ and the truth by opposing the man He sent to enlighten them.

Luther trembled as he looked at himself—one man opposed to the mighty powers of earth. “Who was I,” he wrote, “to oppose the majesty of the pope, before whom ... the kings of the earth and the whole world trembled? ... No one can know what my heart suffered during these first two years and into what sadness, even what despair, I had sunk.”14D'Aubigné, book 3, chapter 6. But when human support failed, he looked to God alone. He could safely lean on that all-powerful arm.

Luther wrote to a friend: “Your first duty is to begin by prayer.... Hope for nothing from your own labors, from your own understanding. Trust in God alone and in the influence of His Spirit.”15D'Aubigné, book 3, chapter 7. Here is an important lesson for those who feel that God has called them to present to others the vital truths for this time. Going against the powers of evil requires something more than intellect and human wisdom.

Luther Appealed Only to the Bible

When enemies appealed to custom and tradition, Luther met them with the Bible only. Here were arguments they could not answer. From his sermons and writings came beams of light that awakened and illuminated

thousands. The Word of God was like a two-edged sword, cutting its way to the hearts of the people. The eyes of the people, so long directed to human ceremonies and earthly priests, were now turning in faith to Christ and Him crucified.

This widespread interest stirred the fears of the papal authorities. Luther received a summons to appear at Rome to answer the charge of heresy. His friends knew very well the danger that threatened him in that corrupt city, already drunk with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. They requested that he receive his examination in Germany.

This was arranged, and the pope's representative, or legate, was appointed to hear the case. The instructions to this official stated that Luther had already been declared a heretic. The legate was therefore “to prosecute and restrain him without any delay.” The legate was empowered “to ban him in every part of Germany; to banish, curse, and excommunicate all those who are attached to him,” to excommunicate all, no matter their rank in church or state, except the emperor, who would neglect to seize Luther and his followers and deliver them to the vengeance of Rome.16D'Aubigné, book 4, chapter 2.

The document reveals not a trace of Christian principle or even common justice. Luther had had no opportunity to explain or defend his position, yet he was pronounced a heretic and in the same day counseled, accused, judged, and condemned.

When Luther so much needed the advice of a true friend, God sent Melanchthon to Wittenberg. Melanchthon's sound judgment, combined with a pure and upright character, won everyone's admiration. He soon became Luther's most trusted friend. His gentleness, caution, and exactness helped to supplement Luther's courage and energy.

The trial was to take place at Augsburg, and the Reformer set out on foot. There had been threats that he would be murdered on the way, and his friends begged him not to go. But he said, “I am like Jeremiah, a man of strife and contention; but the more their threats increase, the more my joy is multiplied.... They have already destroyed my honor and my reputation.... As for my soul, they cannot take that. Whoever wants to proclaim the word of Christ to the world must expect death at every moment.”17D'Aubigné, book 4, chapter 4.

The news of Luther's arrival at Augsburg gave great satisfaction to the pope's representative. The troublesome heretic who had caught the world's attention seemed now to be in Rome's power, and he would not escape. The representative intended to force Luther to retract, or if this failed, to send him to Rome to share the fate of Huss and Jerome. So through his agents he tried to get Luther to appear without a safe-conduct and trust himself to his mercy. But the Reformer declined to do this. Not until he had received the document pledging the emperor's protection did he appear in the presence of the pope's ambassador.

As a strategy, the pope's delegates decided to win Luther by seeming to treat him gently. The ambassador professed great friendliness, but he demanded that Luther submit completely to the church and yield every point without argument or question. In his reply, Luther expressed his regard for the church, his desire for truth, and his readiness to answer all objections to what he had taught and to submit his doctrines to the decision of leading universities. But he protested against the cardinal's requiring him to retract without having proved him to be in error.

The only response was, “Retract, retract!” The Reformer showed that his position was supported by Scripture. He could not renounce truth. The ambassador, unable to refute Luther's arguments, overwhelmed him with a storm of accusations, attacks, flattery, quotations from tradition, and the sayings of the church fathers, giving the Reformer no opportunity to speak. Luther finally received a reluctant permission to present his answer in writing.

In writing to a friend, he said, “What is written may be submitted to the judgment of others; and second, one has a better chance of working on the fears, if not on the conscience, of an arrogant and babbling despot, who would otherwise overpower by his haughty language.”18W. Carlos Martyn, The Life and Times of Martin Luther, pages 271, 272.

At the next interview, Luther gave a clear, concise, and forcible presentation of his views, supported by Scripture. After reading this paper aloud, he handed it to the cardinal, who threw it aside, dismissing it as a mass of idle words and irrelevant quotations. Luther now met the haughty official on his own ground—the traditions and teaching of the church—and completely overthrew his claims.

The official lost all self-control. In a rage he cried out, “Retract! or I will send you to Rome.” And he finally declared, in a haughty and angry tone, “Retract, or return no more.”19D'Aubigné, London edition, book 4, chapter 8.

The Reformer promptly left with his friends, indicating plainly that the ambassador could expect no retraction from him. This was not what the cardinal had intended. Now, left alone with his supporters, he looked from one to another in chagrin at the unexpected failure of his schemes.

The large assembly who were there had opportunity to compare the two men and to judge for themselves the spirit each had shown, as well as the strength and truthfulness of their positions. The Reformer was simple, humble, and firm, having truth on his side. The pope's representative was self-important, haughty, unreasonable, and without a single argument from the Scriptures, yet loudly demanding, “Retract, or be sent to Rome.”

Escape From Augsburg

Luther's friends argued that since it was useless for him to stay, he should return to Wittenberg immediately, and that he should exercise the greatest caution. So he left Augsburg before daybreak on horseback, accompanied only by a guide that the magistrate provided. He made his way secretly through the dark streets of the city. Enemies, watchful and cruel, were plotting to destroy him. Those were moments of anxiety and earnest prayer. He reached a small gate in the wall of the city. It was opened for him, and he and his guide passed through... " Source: Book: LOVE UNDER FIRE, PAGE 58-60

Read STATE OF MISSOURI HOUSE BILL NO. 1769 here. >>> An Arrogant Power That Denies The Right To Appeal From Its Decisions

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HB 1769 -- FILING FALSE DOCUMENTS SPONSOR: Mathews COMMITTEE ACTION:

Voted "Do Pass" by the Standing Committee on General Laws by a vote of 10 to 3. Voted "Do Pass" by the Rules Legislative Oversight Committee by a vote of 11 to 1. This bill creates the offense of filing a false document, which is committed if, with intent to defraud, deceive, harass, alarm, or negatively impact financially, a person files, causes to be filed, or attempts to file, creates, uses as genuine, transfers or has transferred, presents, or prepares with knowledge or belief that it will be filed, presented, or transferred to the Secretary of State or his or her designee, any county recorder of deeds or his or her designee, any municipal, county, district, or state government entity or office, or any credit bureau or financial institution specified documents. For the first offense, filing a false document is a class D felony. Filing false documents is a class C felony in certain specified instances. Any person who is found guilty of committing such offense will be ordered to make full restitution to any person or entity that has sustained any actual losses as a result of the commission of such offense. The bill specifies that a system must be created, by January 1, 2019, in which suspicious filings are logged, and outlines the process for petitioning the court when a person has probable cause to believe a filing is fraudulent. This bill is similar to HCS HB 303 (2017).

PROPONENTS: Supporters say that the acts described in this bill are not currently criminal offenses but they can have serious, long term consequences for the victims. Other states and the federal government have already acknowledged the serious nature of these actions, that essentially amount to paper terrorism, and have enacted similar laws. The heightened penalties for actions taken against elected officials, law enforcement officers, and other specified individuals are necessary because these individuals are being targeted as retaliation for performing their professional responsibilities [while working for the CORPORATIONS].

Testifying for the bill were Representative Mathews; Missouri Fraternal Order of Police; St. Louis Police Officers Association; Kansas City Fraternal Order of Police; Heartland Credit Union Association; Missouri Bankers Association; Missouri Police Chiefs Association; Andrew Soll, St. Louis County Police; Missouri Troopers Association; and the Recorders Association of Missouri.

OPPONENTS: There was no opposition voiced to the committee. [Did any Missourian even KNOW about this Bill bill being touted about to be able to voice opposition???]

Transcript of Alien and Sedition Acts (1798):

FIFTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:

At the Second Session,

Begun and help at the city of Philadelphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, on Monday, the thirteenth of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven.

An Act Concerning Aliens.

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] of America in Congress assembled, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] at any time during the continuance of this act, to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or shall have reasonable grounds to suspect are concerned in any treasonable or secret machinations against the government thereof, to depart out of the territory of the United Slates[CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], within such time as shall be expressed in such order, which order shall be served on such alien by delivering him a copy thereof, or leaving the same at his usual abode, and returned to the office of the Secretary of State, by the marshal or other person to whom the same shall be directed. And in case any alien, so ordered to depart, shall be found at large within the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] after the time limited in such order for his departure, and not having obtained a license from the President to reside therein, or having obtained such license shall not have conformed thereto, every such alien shall, on conviction thereof, be imprisoned for a term not exceeding three years, and shall never after be admitted to become a citizen of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD]. Provided always, and be it further enacted, that if any alien so ordered to depart shall prove to the satisfaction of the President, by evidence to be taken before such person or persons as the President shall direct, who are for that purpose hereby authorized to administer oaths, that no injury or danger to the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] will arise from suffering such alien to reside therein, the President may grant a license to such alien to remain within the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] for such time as he shall judge proper, and at such place as he may designate. And the President may also require of such alien to enter into a bond to the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], in such penal sum as he may direct, with one or more sufficient sureties to the satisfaction of the per-son [CORPORATION]] authorized by the President to take the same, conditioned for the good behavior of such alien during his residence in the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], and not violating his license, which license the President may revoke, whenever he shall think proper .

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful [LEGAL] for the President of the United States [CORPORATION], whenever he may deem it necessary (for the public safety, to order to be removed out of the territory thereof, any alien who may or shall be in prison in pursuance of this act; and to cause to be arrested and sent out of the United States [CORPORATION] such of those aliens as shall have been ordered to depart therefrom and shall not have obtained a license as aforesaid, in all cases where, in the opinion of the President, the public safety requires a speedy removal. And if any alien so removed or sent out of the United States [CORPORATION] by the President shall voluntarily return thereto, unless by permission of the President of the United States [CORPORATION], such alien on conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned so long as, in the opinion of the President, the public safety may require.

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That every master or commander of any ship or vessel which shall come into any port of the United States [CORPORATION] after the first day of July next, shall immediately on his arrival make report in writing to the collector or other chief officer of the customs of such port, of all aliens, if any, on board his vessel, specifying their names, age, the place of nativity, the country from which they shall have come, the nation to which they belong and owe allegiance, their occupation and a description of their persons, as far as he shall be informed thereof, and on failure, every such master and commander shall forfeit and pay three hundred dollars, for the payment whereof on default of such master or commander, such vessel shall also be holden, and may by such collector or other officer of the customs be detained. And it shall be the duty of such collector or other officer of the customs, forthwith to transmit to the office of the department of state true copies of all such returns.

SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the circuit and district courts of the [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], shall respectively have cognizance of all crimes and offences against this act. And all marshals and other officers of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] are required to execute all precepts and orders of the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] issued in pursuance or by virtue of this act.

SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for any alien who may be ordered to be removed from the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], by virtue of this act, to take with him such part of his goods, chattels, or other property, as he may find convenient; and all property left in the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] by any alien, who may be removed, as aforesaid, shall be, and re- main subject to his order and disposal, in the same manner as if this act had not been passed.

SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and be in force for and during the term of two years from the passing thereof.

Jonathan Dayton, Speaker of the House of Representatives.

TH. Jefferson, Vice President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] and President of the Sentate.

I Certify that this Act did originate in the Sentate.

Attest, Sam. A. Otis, Secretary

APPROVED, June 25, 1798.

John Adams

President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD].

An Act Respecting Alien Enemies

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] of America in Congress assembled, That whenever there shall be a declared war between the [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion shall be perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], by any foreign nation or government, and the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] shall make public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be within the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured and removed, as alien enemies. And the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] shall be, and he is hereby authorized, in any event, as aforesaid, by his proclamation thereof, or other public act, to direct the conduct to be observed, on the part of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], towards the aliens who shall become liable, as aforesaid; the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject, and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those, who, not being permitted to reside within the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], shall refuse or neglect to depart therefrom; and to establish any other regulations which shall be found necessary in the premises and for the public safety: Provided, that aliens resident within the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], who shall become liable as enemies, in the manner aforesaid, and who shall not be chargeable with actual hostility, or other crime against the public safety, shall be allowed, for the recovery, disposal, and removal of their goods and effects, and for their departure, the full time which is, or shall be stipulated by any treaty, where any shall have been between the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], and the hostile nation or government, of which they shall be natives, citizens, denizens or subjects: and where no such treaty shall have existed, the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] may ascertain and declare such reasonable time as may be consistent with the public safety, and according to the dictates of humanity and national hospitality.

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That after any proclamation shall be made as aforesaid, it shall be the duty of the several courts of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], and of each state, having criminal jurisdiction, and of the several judges and justices of the courts of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], and they shall be, and are hereby respectively, authorized upon complaint, against any alien or alien enemies, as aforesaid, who shall be resident and at large within such jurisdiction or district, to the danger of the public peace or safety, and contrary to the tenor or intent of such proclamation, or other regulations which the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] shall and may establish in the premises, to cause such alien or aliens to be duly apprehended and convened before such court, judge or justice; and after a full examination and hearing on such complaint. and sufficient cause therefor appearing, shall and may order such alien or aliens to be removed out of the territory of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or to give sureties of their good behaviour, or to be otherwise restrained, conformably to the proclamation or regulations which shall and may be established as aforesaid, and may imprison, or otherwise secure such alien or aliens, until the order which shall and may be made, as aforesaid, shall be performed.

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the marshal of the district in which any alien enemy shall be apprehended, who by the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or by order of any court, judge or justice, as aforesaid, shall be required to depart, and to be removed, as aforesaid, to provide therefor, and to execute such order, by himself or his deputy, or other discreet person or persons to be employed by him, by causing a removal of such alien out of the territory of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD]; and for such removal the marshal shall have the warrant of the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or of the court, judge or justice ordering the same, as the case may be.

APPROVED, July 6, 1798.

FIFTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD]:

At the Second Session,

Begun and help at the city of Philadelphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, on Monday, the thirteenth of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven.

An Act in Addition to the Act, Entitled "An Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes Against the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD]."

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] of America, in Congress assembled, That if any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together, with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], which are or shall be directed by proper authority, or to impede the operation of any law of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or to intimidate or prevent any person holding a place or office in or under the government of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], from undertaking, performing or executing his trust or duty, and if any person or persons, with intent as aforesaid, shall counsel, advise or attempt to procure any insurrection, riot, unlawful assembly, or combination, whether such conspiracy, threatening, counsel, advice, or attempt shall have the proposed effect or not, he or they shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and on conviction, before any court of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] having jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor exceeding five years; and further, at the discretion of the court may be holden to find sureties for his good behaviour in such sum, and for such time, as the said court may direct.

SEC. 2. And be it farther enacted, That if any person shall write, print, utter or publish, or shall cause or procure to be written, printed, uttered or published, or shall knowingly and willingly assist or aid in writing, printing, uttering or publishing any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or either house of the Congress of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], with intent to defame the said government, or either house of the said Congress, or the said President, or to bring them, or either of them, into contempt or disrepute; or to excite against them, or either or any of them, the hatred of the good people of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or to stir up sedition within the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or to excite any unlawful combinations therein, for opposing or resisting any law of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or any act of the President of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], done in pursuance of any such law, or of the powers in him vested by the constitution of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], or to resist, oppose, or defeat any such law or act, or to aid, encourage or abet any hostile designs of any foreign nation against United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD], their people or government, then such person, being thereof convicted before any court of the United States [CORPORATION=not a land mass, a CLOUD] having jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment not exceeding two years.

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted and declared, That if any person shall be prosecuted under this act, for the writing or publishing any libel aforesaid, it shall be lawful for the defendant, upon the trial of the cause, to give in evidence in his defence, the truth of the matter contained in publication charged as a libel. And the jury who shall try the cause, shall have a right to determine the law and the fact, under the direction of the court, as in other cases.

SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and be in force until the third day of March, one thousand eight hundred and one, and no longer: Provided, that the expiration of the act shall not prevent or defeat a prosecution and punishment of any offence against the law, during the time it shall be in force.

Jonathan Dayton, Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Theodore Sedgwick, President of the Sentate pro tempore.

I Certify that this Act did originate in the Sentate.

Attest, Sam. A. Otis, Secretary

APPROVED, July 14, 1798

John Adams

President of the United States [CORPORATION].