The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards provide frameworks for effective technology use in education. They outline competencies for students, educators, and leaders to ensure the meaningful integration of technology that enhances learning, creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking, while promoting digital citizenship and preparing learners for success in our connected world.

The SAMR Model, developed by Ruben Puentedura, describes four levels of technology integration in education: Substitution (technology replaces traditional tools), Augmentation (technology enhances tasks), Modification (technology significantly transforms tasks), and Redefinition (technology enables previously impossible activities). It helps educators progress from basic technology use to transformative learning experiences that fundamentally change pedagogy

The TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) Framework, developed by Mishra and Koehler, represents the complex interplay between three knowledge domains: Technology, Pedagogy, and Content. Effective teaching requires understanding how these areas intersect. TPACK emphasizes that successful technology integration occurs when educators thoughtfully combine technological tools with sound pedagogical practices and deep content expertise to enhance student learning.