Read the following text and make notes. Provide the title of the passage and a short summary. 

(Note making)

The coffee plant, an evergreen shrub or small tree of African origin, begins to produce fruit 3 or 4 years after being planted. The fruit is hand-gathered when it is fully ripe and a reddish purple in colour. The ripened fruits of the coffee shrubs are processed where they are produced to separate the coffee seeds from their covering and from the pulp. Two different techniques are in use: a wet process and a dry process. The wet process First the fresh fruit is pulped by a pulping machine. Some pulp still clings to the coffee, however, and this residue is removed by fermentation in tanks. The few remaining traces of pulp are then removed by washing. The coffee seeds are then dried to a moisture content of about 12 percent either Thesaurus to the sun or by hot-air dryers. If dried in the sun, they must be turned by hand several times a day for even drying. The dry process In the dry process the fruits are immediately placed to dry either in the sun or in hot-air dryers. Considerably more time and equipment is needed for drying than in the wet process. When the fruits have been dried to a water content of about 12 per cent the seeds are mechanically freed from their coverings.

The characteristic aroma and taste of coffee only appear later and are developed by the high temperatures to which they are subjected during the course of the process known as roasting.Temperatures are raised progressively to about 220-230°C. This releases steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other volatiles from the beans, resulting in a loss of weight of between 14 and 23 per cent. Internal pressure of gas expands the volume of the coffee seeds from 30 to 100 per cent.The seeds become rich brown in colour; their texture becomes porous and crumbly under pressure. But the most important phenomenon of roasting is the appearance of the characteristic aroma of coffee, which arises from very complex chemical transformations within the beans. The coffee, on leaving the industrial roaster, is rapidly cooled in a vat where it is stirred and subjected to cold air propelled by a blower. Good quality coffees are then sorted by electronic sorters to eliminate the seeds that are roasted badly. The presence of seeds which are either too light or too dark depreciates the quality.

Answer to the paragraph: by Neha Kumari BA 1st

1. The coffee plant 

    1.1 is an evergreen shrub 

    1.2 is a small tree of African origin

    1.3 gives fruits after 2 or 3 years. 

2. To separate th seeds 

     2.1 uses two different techniques….

          2.1.1 a wet process

          2.1.2 a dry process.

3. by the wet process fresh 

          3.1 fruits are pulped by a pulping machine.

          3.2 residue fruits are removed by fermentation.

          3.3 Few traces of pulp removed by washing.   

4. Coffee seeds are dried in hot gas.

5. In dry process fruits

    5.1 are placed in the sun or hot air 

    5.2 by drying 

        5.2.1 seeds are freed from their covering.

        5.2.2 drying in temperature of 220-230 degree Celsius.

        5.2.3 seeds 30 increases by 100 percent.

        5.2.4 coffee aromas good 

6. After the roasting seeds 

   6.1 let the air cool.

   6.1 Sorts in electronic sorters.

Summary:.   The coffee plant is an evergreen shrub and a small tree of African origin. It gives the fruits after two or three years. To separate the seeds of coffee uses two different techniques: a wet process and a dry process. By the wet process fruits are pulped by a pulping machine, residue fruits are removed by fermentation and few traces of pulp are removed by washing. In the dry  process fruits are placed in the sun or hot air. By drying seeds are freed from their covering and in temperatures of 220-230 degree Celsius. After the roasting seeds let the air cool and soets  in electronic sorters. 

Title: About the production of coffee

Make notes in points and write a summary of the passage in about 35 words. Also give its Title.

Early rising leads to health and happiness. The man who rises late can have little rest in the course of the day. Anyone who lies in bed late is compelled to work till a late hour in the evening. He has to go without the morning exercise which is so necessary for his health. In spite of all this effort his work will not produce as good results as that of the early riser.  The reason for this is that he cannot take advantage of the refreshing hours in the morning. Some people say that the quiet hour of midnight is the best time for working. Several great thinkers say they can write best only when they burn the midnight oil.  Yet it is true to say that few men have a clear brain at midnight when the body needs rest and sleep.  Those who work at that time soon ruin their health, and this must in the long run, have a bad effect on the quality of work.

Answer:

Title: Benefits of getting up early in the morning.

Or

Disadvantages of waking up late.

Notes:

1.Early rising gives us

   1.1  good health.

   1.2  happiness.

2. By getting up late 

    2.1 a man is forced to work.

    2.2 There is no time, the mind cannot go to the morning walk.

    2.3 Bad effect on health.

3. Because of poor health

    3.1 A man cannot concentrate on his work.

    3.2 The result is not good for his work.

 4.From working late night

    4.1 There is a bad effect on the health of the man.

    4.2 bad effect on quality of work.

Summary:   Early rising gives us good health and happiness. By getting up late a man has no time to go for a morning walk and  is not interested in work. Doing so has a bad effect on his health. Because of poor health a man cannot concentrate on his work. Due to lack of attention at work, work also has a bad effect.Working late night also worsens the quality of work.