The 2008 civics practice test is a study tool to help you test your knowledge of U.S. history and government. Use this online tool in English to prepare for the civics portion of the naturalization test. The civics practice test is also available in Spanish, but please note that the actual test is in English.

The instructions and content in this practice civics test are not intended to provide legal advice or guarantee that you will pass the civics test during your naturalization interview. If you have any questions, visit the Find Help in Your Community page.


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Full Practice

State practice and licensure laws permit all NPs to evaluate patients; diagnose, order and interpret diagnostic tests; and initiate and manage treatments, including prescribing medications and controlled substances, under the exclusive licensure authority of the state board of nursing. This is the model recommended by the National Academy of Medicine, formerly called the Institute of Medicine, and the National Council of State Boards of Nursing.


Reduced Practice

State practice and licensure laws reduce the ability of NPs to engage in at least one element of NP practice. State law requires a career-long regulated collaborative agreement with another health provider in order for the NP to provide patient care, or it limits the setting of one or more elements of NP practice.


Restricted Practice

State practice and licensure laws restrict the ability of NPs to engage in at least one element of NP practice. State law requires career-long supervision, delegation or team management by another health provider in order for the NP to provide patient care.

DISCLAIMER: The material contained in this is offered as information only and not as practice, financial, accounting, legal or other professional advice. Correspondents must contact their own professional advisors for such advice.

Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends: helping people obtain tangible services; counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families, and groups; helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services; and participating in legislative processes.


The practice of social work requires knowledge of human development and behavior; of social, economic, and cultural institutions; and of the interaction of all these factors.

The NCAA Sport Science Institute and leading scientific and sports medicine organizations have developed recommendations for athletics departments and coaches to use as they plan their year-round football practice sessions. These recommendations serve as an update from 2014 guidance and include additional recommendations for pre-season, inseason, postseason and spring practice.

The preseason may be extended by one week in the calendar year to accommodate the lost practice time from elimination of two-a-days, and to help ensure that players obtain the necessary skill set for competitive play.

Of the 15 allowable sessions that may occur during the spring practice season, eight practices may involve live contact (tackling or thud); three of these live contact practices may include greater than 50 percent live contact (scrimmages). Live contact practices should be limited to two in a given week and should not occur on consecutive days. The day following live scrimmage should be non-contact/minimal contact.

Preparing for the MCAT exam takes time and dedication. Balancing your preparation with an already busy schedule can be a challenge. The AAMC has resources and practice products to help you no matter where you are in the preparation process.

To help you prepare for the MCAT exam, the AAMC offers two free practice exams and four low-cost practice exams. The Free Sample Test is unscored, and the Free Practice Exam provides a scaled score and percentile rank. Access by logging in the MCAT Official Prep Hub at aamc.org/mcatprep.

A practice guide is a publication that presents recommendations for educators to address challenges in their classrooms and schools. They are based on reviews of research, the experiences of practitioners, and the expert opinions of a panel of nationally recognized experts.

VHA, in collaborations with the Department of Defense (DoD) and other leading professional organizations, has been developing clinical practice guidelines since the early 1990s. In 2010 the Institute of Medicine identified VA/DoD as leaders in clinical practice guideline development.

Clinical practice guidelines are used in health care to improve patient care as a potential solution to reduce inappropriate variations in care. Guidelines should be evidence based, incorporate patient input, as well as explicit criteria to ensure internal validity.

The CPGs provide information that is evidence-based and unbiased by conflict of interest. They are based on the best available evidence at the date of publication, and are intended to provide a general guide to best practices.

The many obstacles people face in entering and staying in services make this domain essential to the success of the system and the people it seeks to serve. Human tragedy has shown that many people die before they receive the help they need, but empirically supported practices have given us many ways of increasing motivation; eliminating obstacles; and making services more accessible, more acceptable and easier to navigate.

This report (PDF) examines the availability and use of telehealth in physician practices in 2022. It finds that while the availability of telehealth has decreased since the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains much higher than before. Only 25.1% of physicians reported that telehealth was used in their practice in 2018. This share more than tripled to 79.0% in 2020 and fell slightly to 74.4% in 2022.

Despite the widespread availability of telehealth across a range of practice types, only 10.0% of physicians provided more than 20% of their weekly patient visits via videoconference. Consistent with other research, the use of telehealth by psychiatrists was much higher than in other specialties. For more than half (54.1%) of psychiatrists, videoconference visits accounted for more than 20% of all visits.

This report (PDF) provides a detailed look at the extent to which physicians are in practices that participate in medical homes and accountable care organizations (ACOs) as well as involvement in alternative payment methods (APMs).

In 2022, 57.8% of physicians reported participation in at least one type of ACO (Medicare, Medicaid, commercial), up 14 percentage points from 2016. The data generally show consistent participation increases for each ACO type since 2016. Over a third of physicians (34.4%) were in a practice that was accredited or recognized as a medical home, up from 23.7% in 2014.

This report (PDF) describes the changes in the ownership and organization of physician practices since the first Benchmark Survey was fielded in 2012. Between 2012 and 2022 the share of physicians who work in private practices dropped by 13 percentage points from 60.1% to 46.7%. There has been a redistribution of physicians from small to large practices. The percentage of physicians in practices with 10 or fewer physicians fell from 61.4% in 2012 to 51.8% in 2022, and the percentage of physicians in practices with 50 or more physicians grew from 12.2% to 18.3%. There have also been changes in practice type. Forty-two percent of physicians worked in single specialty practices and 26.7% in multi-specialty practices in 2022, reflecting a shift of about four percentage points since 2012 from the former practice type to the latter. The report also explores the reasons that private practices are sold to hospitals or health systems and describes the differences between private practices and those that are hospital-owned.

The Nursing Practice Act (NPA) is the body of California law that mandates the Board to set out the scope of practice and responsibilities for RNs. The NPA is located in the California Business and Professions Code starting with Section 2700. Regulations which specify the implementation of the law appear in the California Code of Regulations.

Transparency. Agencies should be transparent about information policies and practices with respect to PII, and should provide clear and accessible notice regarding creation, collection, use, processing, storage, maintenance, dissemination, and disclosure of PII.

Primary care practice-based research networks (PBRNs) involve practicing clinicians in asking and answering clinical and organizational questions about primary health care. Recognizing the importance of this work, its ability to improve the health of all Americans, and the potential of these networks to engage clinicians in quality improvement activities and an evidence-based culture in primary care practice, AHRQ has developed its PBRN initiative.

As part of its charge, AHRQ has devoted funds to support primary care practice-based research networks (PBRNs). These are defined as "a group of ambulatory practices devoted principally to the primary care of patients. Typically, PBRNs draw on the experience and insight of practicing clinicians to identify and frame research questions whose answers can improve the practice of primary care. By linking these questions with rigorous research methods, the PBRN can produce research findings that are immediately relevant to the clinician and, in theory, more easily assimilated into everyday practice".3

United States district courts and courts of appeals often prescribe local rules governing practice and procedure. Such rules must be consistent with both Acts of Congress and the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure, and may only be prescribed after notice and an opportunity for public comment. A court's authority to prescribe local rules is governed by both statute and the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure. See 28 U.S.C.  2071(a)-(b); Fed. R. App. P. 47; Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9029; Fed. R. Civ. P. 83; Fed. R. Crim. P. 57. ff782bc1db

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