1. First Conditional

Used to talk about real and possible situations in the future.

Structure:

Affirmative:
If + subject + present simple, subject + will + base verb.

Example:
"If it is sunny this afternoon, we will go to the beach."

Negative:
If + subject + do/does not + base verb, subject + will not + base verb.

Example:
"If she doesn’t study, she won’t pass the exam."

Interrogative:
Will + subject + base verb + if + subject + present simple?

Example:
"Will you go to the party if he invites you?"

📌 You can also change the order:

Subject + will + base verb + if + subject + present simple.

Example:
"We will go to the station when Paul and Sam arrive."

Special connectors in First Conditional

When → used when we are sure the situation will happen.
Example:
"When Paul and Sam arrive, we will go to the station."

Unless → means if not.
Example:
"Unless Lauren comes soon, we will go without her."

2. Second Conditional

Used to talk about imaginary or unreal situations in the present or future.

Structure:

Affirmative:
If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb.

Example:
"If people walked more, the air would be cleaner."

Negative:
If + subject + did not + base verb, subject + would not + base verb.

Example:
"If I didn’t have homework, I would go out."

Interrogative:
Would + subject + base verb + if + subject + past simple?

Example:
"Would you travel the world if you had enough money?"

📌 You can invert the order:

Subject + would + base verb + if + subject + past simple.

Example:
"The air would be cleaner if people walked more."

First Conditional

When to use it:

Real Possibilities
For situations that are possible in the future.

Example:
"If it rains, we will stay at home."

Future Results
To show a likely result of a future action.

Example:
"If you study, you will pass the exam."

Rules:

• Use present simple after if / when / unless.

• Use will in the result clause.

• Do NOT use will after if. ❌
  
  

Incorrect: If it will rain, we will stay home.
Correct: If it rains, we will stay home.

Second Conditional

When to use it:

Imaginary Situations
For unreal or unlikely situations.

Example:
"If I were rich, I would buy a big house."

Hypothetical Advice
Often used to give advice.

Example:
"If I were you, I would study more."

Rules:

• Use past simple in the if-clause.

• Use would + base verb in the result.

• For advice, we often use If I were you… (not was).
  
  

Tips to Remember

🔹 First Conditional → Real & Possible → Present + will
🔹 Second Conditional → Imaginary & Unreal → Past + would

Ask yourself:
Is this situation real and possible? → First conditional.
Is this imaginary or unlikely? → Second conditional.

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Practice exercises