The Liverpool accent, which is also referred to as the Scouse accent or Merseyside accent, is a specific variety of English that is closely connected to the city of Liverpool. This is a distinctive accent that comes with phonological features, intonation and lexical that are different from the other English accents. The Scouse accent is also characterized by a high-pitch pattern in the intonation and stress, varying from high pitch to low pitch. In addition to the particular intonation, this brings us to the second characteristic: the vocabulary used by Scousers and the peculiarities of their idioms, which makes the roundness of the Liverpool dialect.
Scouse accent has evolved from the past and this has helped in making it to be what it is today. The existence of the Liverpool dialect is believed to be connected to the city’s ethnically diverse background and its status as a seaport. The people living in Liverpool have always been sailors and merchants alongside immigrants from other regions of the United Kingdom and from other countries of the world and all these people influenced the language of the region. These component parts of societies in this area have thus contributed towards the development of phonological, lexical, and prosodic characteristics of the current Scouse accent. Moreover, later changes in the city; industrialization, rising population and coming of workers from rural areas in England also impacted the dynamism of the Liverpool accent. Thus, the Scouse accent is today solidly associated with the cultural history of Liverpool and its inhabitants and serves as a cherished symbol of the people and their roots.
Th-fronting:
Scouse: "think" /fɪŋk/, "that" /vat/
Standard English: "think" /θɪŋk/, "that" /ðat/
Diphthong Shift:
Scouse: "face" /feɪs/ → /fæɪs/, "price" /praɪs/ → /præɪs/
Standard English: "face" /feɪs/, "price" /praɪs/
Unusual lexical stress patterns:
Scouse: "banana" /bəˈnænə/, "computer" /kəmˈpjuːtə/
Standard English: "banana" /bəˈnɑːnə/, "computer" /kəmˈpjuːtə/
Fronting of /ʊ/ to /ʏ/:
Scouse: "full" /fʏl/, "put" /pʏt/
Standard English: "full" /fʊl/, "put" /pʊt/
Long "oo" sound:
Scouse: "book" /buːk/, "look" /luːk/
Standard English: "book" /bʊk/, "look" /lʊk/
L-vocalization:
Scouse: "milk" /mɪwk/, "felt" /fɛwt/
Standard English: "milk" /mɪlk/, "felt" /fɛlt/
Therefore, my investigation of the Scouse accent has been highly stimulating and a learning curve for me as well. This has helped me gain practical knowledge on the details of speech and the mechanisms of articulation as well as improve my respect towards the distinctive language and culture of Liverpool. These lessons I take to my further learning, appreciating and valuing the cultural and linguistic diversities and the role language plays in writing one’s life story.
References:
Honeybone, P. (2007). New-dialect formation in nineteenth century Liverpool: A brief history of Scouse. In K. Watson (Ed.), The Mersey sound: Liverpool's language, people and places (pp. 106-140). Liverpool University Press.
Sangster, C. M. (2001). Lenition of alveolar stops in Liverpool English. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(3), 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00155
Watson, K. (2007). Liverpool English. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37(3), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100307003180