Academy of Finland Research Fellow

Building the Energy Internet as a large-scale IoT-based cyber-physical system that manages the energy inventory of distribution grids as discretized packets via machine-type communications (EnergyNet)

Cyber-physical systems group - LUT University

Fellow: Pedro Henrique Juliano Nardelli

Postdoc: Arun Narayanan

Doctoral students: Hafiz Majid Hussain, Mehar Ullah and Pedro Gória

Funded by Academy of Finland

About

The recent development of information and energy technologies has the potential to advance the emergence of groups of non-industrial users that are self-sufficient in their energy needs while fully supplied by renewable sources. This project focuses on the Energy Internet as a large-scale cyber-physical system that virtualizes electric energy in packets to manage supply and demand in distribution grids, considering the existence of batteries and flexible consumption. Packetized energy has been already deployed to control individually specific loads as electric vehicle charging and water boilers via packet requests to an energy server. These requests may be granted, scheduled or not granted depending on the management algorithm. Although already proved in smaller scales, the concept of packetized energy was not designed to allow scaling-up to become a dominant technology. A management algorithm shall be then developed to handle the combinatorial allocation problem related to the server’s decisions while satisfying both the physical grid operational needs and the users’ service requirements. This project is concerned with technological and regulatory issues that would allow the Energy Internet to emerge, sustainably grow and then become the dominant way to manage the distribution grid. In the technological realm, this project will develop the energy management algorithm and investigate the how wireless communication systems shall be deployed to guarantee the diverse requirements imposed by the grid applications. The focus is on machine-type communications following the current research in 5G technologies, mainly massive connectivity, low latency and ultra-reliability. Using the communication-enabled grid facilities available at LUT Green Campus, this project will study the most efficient communication deployments, from data acquisition to end-application, based on traffic modeling, short message communication, new modulations, random-access schemes and statistical signal reconstruction. In relation to regulation, the research will test how different governance models may affect the layout and deployment of the management algorithm, and how different algorithms can co-exist so that the power quality and security of supply are ensured. Agent-based models will be used to study the feasibility and the conditions that would allow for a smooth transition from the existing today’s electricity market to the fossil-fuel-free Energy Internet by 2050.

Key publications

Cyber-physical systems

1. Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Narayanan, Arun; ,Energy Internet: Cyber-Physical Deployment of Future Distribution Grids,Affordable and Clean Energy,,,1-9,2020,Springer International Publishing Cham

2. Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel; Ullah, Mehar; Christou, Ioannis T; Almeida, Gustavo; Nardelli, Pedro; Carrillo, Dick; Sant’Ana, Jean M; Alves, Hirley; Dzaferagic, Merim; Chiumento, Alessandro; ,Three-layer approach to detect anomalies in industrial environments based on machine learning,2020 IEEE Conference on Industrial Cyberphysical Systems (ICPS),1,,250-256,2020,IEEE

3. Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,"Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications",,,,,2022,John Wiley & Sons

4. Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel, et al. "Improving Fault Detection in Industrial Processes by Event-Driven Data Acquisition." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 80918-80931.

5. Beattie, Alexander, et al. "A Robust and Explainable Data-Driven Anomaly Detection Approach For Power Electronics." 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm). IEEE, 2022.

6. Mulinka, Pavol, et al. "Optimizing a Digital Twin for Fault Diagnosis in Grid Connected Inverters-A Bayesian Approach." 2022 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2022.

Packetized Energy Management

1. de Castro Tomé, Mauricio; J. Nardelli, Pedro H; Hussain, Hafiz Majid; Wahid, Sohail; Narayanan, Arun; ,A cyber-physical residential energy management system via virtualized packets,Energies,13,3,699,2020,MDPI

2. Hussain, Hafiz Majid; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,A heuristic-based home energy management system for demand response,2020 IEEE Conference on Industrial Cyberphysical Systems (ICPS),1,,285-290,2020,IEEE

3. Javadi, Mohammad Sadegh; Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Gough, Matthew; Lotfi, Mohamed; Santos, Sergio; Catalão, João PS; ,Self-scheduling model for home energy management systems considering the end-users discomfort index within price-based demand response programs,Sustainable Cities and Society,68,,102792,2021,Elsevier

4. Mashlakov, Aleksei; Pournaras, Evangelos; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Honkapuro, Samuli; ,Decentralized cooperative scheduling of prosumer flexibility under forecast uncertainties,Applied Energy,290,,116706,2021,Elsevier

5. Vanin, Artem; Ellina, Shchurovskaya; Nardelli, Pedro Juliano; Mashlakov, Aleksei; ,Dispatch optimization of energy communities for collective provision of network congestion management,"2021 3rd International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE)",,,1-5,2021,IEEE

6. Nardelli, Pedro; Hussain, Hafiz Majid; Narayanan, Arun; Yang, Yongheng; ,Virtual microgrid management via software-defined energy network for electricity sharing: Benefits and challenges,"IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine",7,3,10-19,2021,IEEE

7. Hussain, Hafiz Majid; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Narayanan, Arun; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Yang, Yongheng; ,Packetized Energy Management Controller for Residential Consumers,2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe),,,1-6,2021,IEEE

8. Javadi, Mohammad Sadegh; Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel; Gough, Matthew; Lotfi, Mohamed; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Sahoo, Subham; Catalão, João PS; ,Conditional value-at-risk model for smart home energy management systems,"e-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy",1,,100006,2021,Elsevier

9. Negri, Cesar A; Daneshvardehnavi, Saeed; Schmitt, Konrad Erich Kork; Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Bayne, Stephen; Giesselmann, Michael G; ,Centralized Control Topology for PV Farms Shading Detection and GMPP Searching Restarting Condition,IEEE Access,10,,28991-29008,2022,IEEE

10. Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel; Rahimnejad, Abolfazl; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Gadsden, Stephen Andrew; Sahoo, Subham; Ghanavati, Farideh; ,A Shrinking Horizon Model Predictive Controller for Daily Scheduling of Home Energy Management Systems,IEEE Access,10,,29716-29730,2022,IEEE

11. Hussain, Hafiz Majid; Narayanan, Arun; Sahoo, Subham; Yang, Yongheng; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Blaabjerg, Frede; ,Home Energy Management Systems: Operation and Resilience of Heuristics Against Cyberattacks,"IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine",8,2,21-30,2022,IEEE

12. Esmaeel Nezhad, Ali; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Applications in Optimizing Multi-Objective Energy System Performance,Handbook of Smart Energy Systems,,,,2022,"Springer, Cham"

13. H. M. Hussain, A. Ahmad, A. Narayanan, P. H. J. Nardelli and Y. Yang, "Benchmarking of Heuristic Algorithms for Energy Router-Based Packetized Energy Management in Smart Homes," in IEEE Systems Journal, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2022.3208414.

Commons

1. Giotitsas, Chris; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Kostakis, Vasilis; Narayanan, Arun; ,From private to public governance: The case for reconfiguring energy systems as a commons,Energy Research & Social Science,70,,101737,2020,Elsevier

2. Narayanan, Arun; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,Community Renewable Energy Systems,Affordable and Clean Energy,,,1-13,2020,Springer International Publishing

3. Narayanan, Arun; Nardelli, Pedro; ,Profit Allocation in Renewables Based Community Microgrids with Aggregation and Self-Sufficiency,"2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications",,,1-6,2020,IEEE

4. Giotitsas, Chris; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Williamson, Sam; Roos, Andreas; Pournaras, Evangelos; Kostakis, Vasilis; ,Energy governance as a commons: Engineering alternative socio-technical configurations,Energy Research & Social Science,84,,102354,2022,Elsevier

Communications and IoT

1. Dester, Plinio S; Cardieri, Paulo; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Brito, José MC; ,Performance Analysis and Optimization of a $ N $-Class Bipolar Network,IEEE access,7,,135118-135132,2019,IEEE

2. Ullah, Mehar; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Wolff, Annika; Smolander, Kari; ,Twenty-one key factors to choose an iot platform: Theoretical framework and its applications,IEEE Internet of Things Journal,7,10,10111-10119,2020,IEEE

3. Santos Filho, Francisco Helder C dos; Dester, Plínio S; Stancanelli, Elvis MG; Cardieri, Paulo; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Carrillo, Dick; Alves, Hirley; ,Performance of LoRaWAN for handling telemetry and alarm messages in industrial applications,Sensors,20,11,3061,2020,MDPI

4. Ullah, Mehar; Kakakhel, Syed Rameez Ullah; Westerlund, Tomi; Wolff, Annika; Carrillo, Dick; Plosila, Juha; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,Iot protocol selection for smart grid applications: Merging qualitative and quantitative metrics,"2020 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO)",,,993-998,2020,IEEE

5. Ramezanipour, Iran; Alves, Hirley; J. Nardelli, Pedro H; Pouttu, Ari; ,A Throughput and Energy Efficiency Scheme for Unlicensed Massive Machine Type Communications,Sensors,20,8,2357,2020,MDPI

6. Narayanan, Arun; De Sena, Arthur Sousa; Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel; Melgarejo, Dick Carrillo; Hussain, Hafiz Majid; Ullah, Mehar; Bayhan, Suzan; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,Key advances in pervasive edge computing for industrial Internet of Things in 5G and beyond,IEEE Access,8,,206734-206754,2020,IEEE

7. Dester, Plínio S; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; dos Santos Filho, Francisco Helder C; Cardieri, Paulo; Popovski, Petar; ,Delay and Peak-Age-of-Information of ALOHA Networks With Limited Retransmissions,IEEE Wireless Communications Letters,10,10,2328-2332,2021,IEEE

8. Dester, Plínio S; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Cardieri, Paulo; ,Uniqueness of Stationary Distributions in Random Access Poisson Networks,IEEE Communications Letters,25,10,3253-3257,2021,IEEE

9. Ullah, Mehar; Narayanan, Arun; Wolff, Annika; Nardelli, Pedro; ,Smart Grid Information Processes Using IoT and Big Data with Cloud and Edge Computing,"2021 44th International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO)",,,956-961,2021,IEEE

10. Ullah, Mehar; Narayanan, Arun; Wolff, Annika; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,Industrial Energy Management System: Design of a Conceptual Framework using IoT and Big Data,2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe),,,01-06,2021,IEEE

11. Silva, Pedro Emílio Gória; de Souza, Rausley Adriano Amaral; Nardelli, Pedro Juliano; Moualeu, Jules Merlin Mouatcho; da Costa, Daniel Benevides; ,Performance of MPSK modulation with imperfect phase‐recovery under severe fading conditions,Electronics Letters,,,,2022,

12. Ullah, Mehar; Wolff, Annika; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,"Processing Smart Meter Data Using IoT, Edge Computing, and Big Data Analytics",Handbook of Smart Energy Systems,,,,2022,"Springer, Cham"

13. Melgarejo, Dick Carrillo; Pokorny, Jiri; Seda, Pavel; Narayanan, Arun; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Rasti, Mehdi; Hosek, Jiri; Seda, Milos; Rodríguez, Demóstenes Z; Koucheryavy, Yevgeni; ,Optimizing Flying Base Station Connectivity by RAN Slicing and Reinforcement Learning,IEEE Access,,,,2022,IEEE

14. Narayanan, Arun; Korium, Mohamed; Melgarejo, Dick Carrillo; Hussain, Hafiz Majid; De Sena, Arthur Sousa; Goria, Pedro; Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel; Ullah, Mehar; Esmaeelnezhad, Ali; Rasti, Mehdi; ,"Collective Intelligence using 5G: Concepts, Applications, and Challenges in Sociotechnical Environments",IEEE Access,,,,2022,IEEE

15. Santos, F. Helder C.; Dester, Plínio S; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Stancanelli, Elvis MG; Cardieri, P; Carrillo, Dick; Alves, Hirley; ,Multi-class random access wireless network: General results and performance analysis of LoRaWAN,Ad Hoc Networks,,,102946,2022,Elsevier

16.  J. Ikonen, N. Nelimarkka, P. H. J. Nardelli, N. Mattila and D. Carrillo, "Experimental Evaluation of End-to-End Delay in a Sigfox Network," in IEEE Networking Letters, 2022, doi: 10.1109/LNET.2022.3203799.

17.  D. Carrillo et al., "Boosting 5G on Smart Grid Communication: A Smart RAN Slicing Approach," in IEEE Wireless Communications, doi: 10.1109/MWC.004.2200079.

18. Ullah, Mehar, et al. "Operation of Power-to-X-Related Processes Based on Advanced Data-Driven Methods: A Comprehensive Review." Energies 15.21 (2022): 8118.

19. Ullah, Mehar, et al. "Industrial Energy Management System: Design of a Conceptual Framework using IoT and Big Data." IEEE Access (2022).

20. de Sena, Arthur S., et al. "RSMA for Dual-Polarized Massive MIMO Networks: A SIC-Free Approach." GLOBECOM 2022-2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2022. BEST PAPER AWARD.

21. De Sena, Arthur Sousa, et al. "Dual-Polarized Massive MIMO-RSMA Networks: Tackling Imperfect SIC." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2022).

22. Sousa de Sena, Arthur. "Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces and Advanced Multiple Access Techniques for Multi-Antenna Wireless Communication Systems." (2022). Doctoral thesis (LUT).

Power grids

1. Villar, Fernanda; da Silva, Luiz Carlos Pereira; Nardelli, Pedro Henrique Juliano; Hazini, Hader; ,Detection of Appliance Utilization Patterns via Dimensionality Reduction,2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference-Latin America (ISGT Latin America),,,1-6,2019,IEEE

2. Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel; Nardelli, Pedro Henrique Juliano; Mendes, Goncalo; Popovski, Petar; ,Review of the state of the art on adaptive protection for microgrids based on communications,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,17,3,1539-1552,2020,IEEE

3. Hussain, Hafiz Majid; Narayanan, Arun; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Yang, Yongheng; ,"What is Energy Internet? Concepts, technologies, and future directions",Ieee Access,8,,183127-183145,2020,IEEE

4. Villar, Fernanda Spada; Nardelli, Pedro Henrique Juliano; Narayanan, Arun; Moioli, Renan Cipriano; Azzini, Hader; da Silva, Luiz Carlos Pereira; ,Noninvasive Detection of Appliance Utilization Patterns in Residential Electricity Demand,Energies,14,6,1563,2021,MDPI

5. Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel; Mashlakov, Aleksei; Brester, Christina; Niska, Harri; Kolehmainen, Mikko; Narayanan, Arun; Honkapuro, Samuli; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; ,Weather-Driven Predictive Control of a Battery Storage for Improved Microgrid Resilience,IEEE Access,9,,163108-163121,2021,IEEE

6. de Castro Tomé, Mauricio; Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Kalalas, Charalampos; Da Silva, Luiz Carlos Pereira; Pouttu, Ari; ,Event-driven data acquisition for electricity metering: a tutorial,IEEE Sensors Journal,,,,2022,IEEE

7. Gutierrez-Rojas, Daniel; Christou, Ioannis T; Dantas, Daniel; Narayanan, Arun; Nardelli, Pedro HJ; Yang, Yongheng; ,Performance evaluation of machine learning for fault selection in power transmission lines,Knowledge and Information Systems,64,3,859-883,2022,Springer London