Most people and institutions do not have the equipment necessary to view motion picture films. If you have access to a projector, be sure to evaluate both the projector and the condition of the film before you consider using it. Film may be easily damaged by a projector if it has not been maintained regularly or if the film has condition issues. If you wish to preserve and protect the content of the film, we recommend seeking out a service provider with experience working with archival motion picture film. The service provider will be able to help stabilize your film and create a digital copy for viewing or preservation.

Once you have confirmed that you have a film (refer to our Film Characteristics page) you can identify other properties that will help you talk to a service provider about it. You can do this even if you do not have film handling or viewing equipment. You should gather the following information about the film and then may use our Determining Condition webpage to perform a quick condition assessment in order to assist the service provider in planning a course of action.


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Prior to modern color film processes, film was sometimes hand-painted, tinted or toned in order to add color. There are also many early processes that required extra equipment to present the image in color. More modern color processes embed dyes or pigments in discrete layers within the emulsion to create successive layers of cyan, magenta, and yellow that combine to create full color.

A film format is a technical definition of a set of standard characteristics regarding image capture on photographic film for still images or film stock for filmmaking. It can also apply to projected film, either slides or movies. The primary characteristic of a film format is its size and shape.

In the case of motion picture film, the format sometimes includes audio parameters. Other characteristics usually include the film gauge, pulldown method, lens anamorphosis (or lack thereof), and film gate or projector aperture dimensions, all of which need to be defined for photography as well as projection, as they may differ.

120 film is still a very popular medium format film, especially with the recent popularity of the Holga. The 120 film format was originally introduced by Eastman Kodak for its Brownie No. 2 in 1901.

220 film is the same width as 120, but with double length (144 cm) and thus twice the number of exposures per roll. ISO 732 also specifies the dimensions of 220 film. Unlike 120, there is no backing paper behind the film itself, just a leader and a trailer. This allows a longer film on the same spool, but as a result, there are no printed frame numbers for old cameras that have a red window as a frame indicator. (Moreover, light from the window would fog the film.) Also, since the film alone is thinner than a film with backing paper, a differently positioned pressure plate may be required to achieve optimal focus. Some cameras capable of using both 120 and 220 film will have a two-position adjustment of the pressure plate (as well as a switch elsewhere to adjust winding), while others will require different film backs.

As an alternative to 110 formats, The APS film cartridges are optimized for fully automatic film load, enclosing the 24mm wide film completely when not in use. A lightproof door and partially exposed films can, in certain cameras, be removed and used later. The film is even put back into its cartridge and returned to the user after it has been developed.

110 film cartridges were launched by Kodak in answer to consumer complaints about the complications involved with loading and unloading roll film cameras. Because loading film was easy and the small size made 110 format popular very quickly.

So, bearing in mind the century-old love/hate relationship between film and paper sizes, we can get back to the original question: Why do I have to choose which body part to leave out when I enlarge my 35mm portrait to 810? Well, like I said before, it boils down to simple math. The above mentioned film measurements of 24mm by 36mm, when the common denominator is applied, gives a ratio of 2:3. That means, as the image is enlarged, any rectangle that will neatly fit the entire image upon it must also be in the ratio of 2:3.

I took an image from my phone and got its exif data below. It was a samsung note 4, which uses a 35mm film size (24x36) with a 43.27 diagonal. But what I am trying to figure out is the sensor diagonal length value. To get that I divided the full frame length (43.27) by the scale factor value. The scale factor I got by dividing the FocalLengthIn35mmFilm by the focal length value.

From the Exif data: Image size is 2988 pixels height by 5412 pixel length. The file states the actual focal length is 4.8mm. The file states this value is the equivalent of a 31mm lens mounted on a full frame. From this we can calculate the crop factor = 31  4.8 = 6.4583.

It is a well known and accepted measurement. 35mm film was a very commonly used film for 60+ years. Because format size (sensor or film size) determines angle of view for a particular focal length lens, and because 35mm film was so common for so long, many photographers associate a particular focal length when used with 35mm film with a particular angle of view.

apologies if this sounds like a dumb question, but I was wondering if, when using the incident light outside with a light meter (say the Sekonic 308x, which I own), the aperture and shutter speed values are relative to a specific sensor size (say 35mm) or not?

I believe that, regardless of the sensor size, it's probably a matter of the ratio between shutter speed/aperture/iso that makes the trick. However I am not 100% and in fact I have been experiencing over/under exposures in some cases. The reason being a 5.6 aperture on full frame camera does not translate in the same amount of light of 5.6 aperture on a medium format (let alone different size of medium format sensor exist, such as 6x4.5, 6x6, 6x7, 6x9).

If you want to double check your meter readings and how your using it , take a DSLR or mirror less camera with you , set the ISO the same as the ISO if the film your using , set the shutter speed to what you want to use and see what the camera says the shutter speed is ( with the camera in shutter priority ) and take a shot .

Also, reflective values and the exposure required to render them to a particular value have no influence on incident readings. The exposure determined by a proper incident reading will land all values on their inherent reflectance within the range of the film. The meter only reads illumination. It can't have reflective values as part of the process, even if it was meant to. If the manual really says otherwise, it is wrong. be457b7860

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