Welcome to Increase fps without mods section! I will show you how to do that
To begin, if you're in minecraft screen like this, click options...
Or if you're in game screen, hit esc (aka pause game) then hit options...
Then you click video settings
It will shown screen like this:
If you don't know how to config, here's guidlines:
Change these settings like this below image. You will need only focus on Graphics, Render distance, chunk builder, simulation distance, vsync, max framerate, clouds, particles, mipmap levels only. because it affect the fps when run
Note: Server enable 12 chunks by default, but you can reduce below it. You can't increase beyond 12 chunks
Image below
Graphics decide when it look fancy or not. Or beatiful.
-Fabulous is for shader uses only, because in recent minecraft support built-in shader via resource pack.
-Render distance decide in game topia (aka sence) when you can look far or short. Reduce to lowest to prevent lag.
-Simulation distance affect how far enties should be spawned, or physchics should be operated, as example. If simulation is above 8 chunks, it can create spike lag for old computer. In general, you adjust the size of chunk box
-Vsync. For cpu loads and prevent tearing frame while it keeps up with montior. Should be disabled because it create unnesseary lag.
-Chunk builder. Affect how mc update chunks in single frame.
Fully blocking: Chunks always compile immediately, which may affect performance when placing or destroying blocks
Semi-Blocking: Chunks recompile immediately when some actions occur, including placing or destroying blocks
Threaded: Nearby chunks compiled in parrarel threads, but may results black holes when block are destroyed
Max framerate: Set fps depend on your discretion. 60fps recommend
Clouds: For athelestic only, disable recommded
Particles: Same as clouds, minimal recommded (may affect visual as well as some gameplay)
Mipmap levels: Minecraft's texture filter. Set to off is recommend for performance, but may look like 1.5.2 minecraft
Althought setting lowest distance or optimize, old hardware still cause lag, esecipally moving because bigger mechanic in 1.18