Electric vehicles are being seen as a mode of transportation which has the potential to change the transportation sector positively as it would help in cutting down carbon emissions and would lead the way for significant climate progress. Transportation is one of the highest contributors as far as Carbon emissions are concerned, electric vehicles have the potential to change this scenario. In comparison to gasoline-powered cars, electric cars produce almost half of the emissions. Electric vehicles do emit carbon emissions but enhanced energy efficiency helps in reducing emissions significantly. But despite this potential, there are some challenges as far as the electric vehicle is concerned. There are certain hurdles as far as the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is concerned.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES:

1. CHARGING TAKES TIME: Charging time very much depends on the kind of charger used a standard 120-volt plug which is used to charge home appliances would take about 20 -40 hours in charging the battery to full capacity, whereas a 240-volt charger would take about eight to ten hours in charging the same battery but DC fast charger would charge the battery up to 80 per cent in just about 30 minutes. As far as availability is concerned 240-volt charger is the most widely available. Also cost of installing different stations is different. Electric-vehicle- battery manufacturers have to come up with innovative solutions so that this charging time with a 240-volt charger gets reduced as it is the most widely available charger right now. Also, there is a need for such kind of Lithium battery management systems which can further enhance the efficiency of the battery packs so they last longer when fully charged.

2. COMPATIBILITY OF CHARGERS: As far as compatibility with level two chargers is concerned most automobile manufacturers use the same charge port model which very much resolves the issue with level two chargers but there are three models of port used by different automobile manufacturers in DC fast chargers which is a little issue, this lack of vehicle compatibility is an issue which needs to be resolved here.

3. CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE: A lot of work needs to be done as far as building charging infrastructure is concerned; electric outlets are required at various places. Electric outlets have to be strategically stationed so that maximum area is covered. Also, not everyone has a garage equipped to charge their electric vehicle, usually people with a garage charge their electric vehicle using wall mounted charger. So more number of electric outlets are required as well. Long distance trip with EVs is just not possible without widely spread electric outlets where EVs can be charged. Electric-vehicle -battery manufacturers need to bring innovative solutions so that EVs once charged can travel a lot more than what is possible right now. Better Lithium battery management systems are also required to increase the efficiency of battery packs.

4. RENEWABLE ENERGY: If an electric grid instead of relying on Fossil fuel only can increase the portion of renewable energy in the energy mix then EVs can be a more cost-effective solution to reducing carbon emission.

5. CAPACITY OF GRIDS: As the number of EVs would increase many millions of people will depend on the electric grid in a new way and there would be more demand the important thing is that the capacity of grids is increased so that this demand could be met. Power generation capacity has to be increased to accommodate these EVs. Electric -vehicle -battery manufacturers need to be more innovative along with better lithium battery management systems to solve this issue of availability of energy.

6. VEHICLE PRICES: As of today EVs are expensive as compared to fuel or gasoline-powered cars, electric vehicle manufacturers need to work on reducing this cost to promote EVs.

These are some of the challenges which are there in the widespread adoption of EVs and within these challenges lie opportunities to promote EVs. Apart from these challenges, there are smaller challenges and if these challenges can be overcome then EVs can become the future of transportation.