The Accessing External Services task shows how to configureIstio to allow access to external HTTP and HTTPS services from applications inside the mesh.There, the external services are called directly from the client sidecar.This example also shows how to configure Istio to call external services, although this timeindirectly via a dedicated egress gateway service.

Istio uses ingress and egress gatewaysto configure load balancers executing at the edge of a service mesh.An ingress gateway allows you to define entry points into the mesh that all incoming traffic flows through.Egress gateway is a symmetrical concept; it defines exit points from the mesh. Egress gateways allowyou to apply Istio features, for example, monitoring and route rules, to traffic exiting the mesh.


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Consider an organization that has a strict security requirement that all traffic leavingthe service mesh must flow through a set of dedicated nodes. These nodes will run on dedicated machines,separated from the rest of the nodes running applications in the cluster. These special nodes will servefor policy enforcement on the egress traffic and will be monitored more thoroughly than other nodes.

In this section you direct HTTPS traffic (TLS originated by the application) through an egress gateway.You need to specify port 443 with protocol TLS in a corresponding ServiceEntry, an egress Gateway and a VirtualService.

Note that defining an egress Gateway in Istio does not in itself provides any special treatment for the nodeson which the egress gateway service runs. It is up to the cluster administrator or the cloud provider to deploythe egress gateways on dedicated nodes and to introduce additional security measures to make these nodes moresecure than the rest of the mesh.

This section shows you how to create aKubernetes network policy to preventbypassing of the egress gateway. To test the network policy, you create a namespace, test-egress, deploythe sleep sample to it, and then attempt to send requests to a gateway-securedexternal service.

Resend the previous HTTPS request to Now itshould fail since the traffic is blocked by the network policy. Note that the sleep pod cannot bypassistio-egressgateway. The only way it can access edition.cnn.com is by using an Istio sidecar proxy and bydirecting the traffic to istio-egressgateway. This setting demonstrates that even if some malicious pod manages tobypass its sidecar proxy, it will not be able to access external sites and will be blocked by the network policy.

Send an HTTPS request to Now it should succeedsince the traffic flows to istio-egressgateway in the istio-system namespace, which is allowed by theNetwork Policy you defined. istio-egressgateway forwards the traffic to edition.cnn.com.

Questions arise as to what is adequate, good, better, and best when protecting the applications requiring egress traffic flow to the public Internet and limiting the blast radius in the event of a security breach. These questions include:

The answer is you should care about all the above and more. The Cloud Security Alliance (cloudsecurityalliance.org) and other bodies address best practices with specific types of sensitive data, such as the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC) and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). However, the organization must determine its own security posture: what to deploy and where to acquire it. Additionally, it should understand both the security capabilities and the automation/management functions of a comprehensive solution architecture and the benefits it provides. Capabilities that we believe are required in any public cloud egress security solution are:

Cisco Multicloud Defense can enable egress security in the cloud for AWS, Azure, GCP, and OCI in minutes. To learn more about how Cisco Multicloud Defense can simplify your multicloud network security, visit our website at www.cisco.com/go/multicloud-defense, request a demo, or view our product tour.

Is this how ingress/egress routing works in security groups? For example, does it require an initial connection to come from inside (egress) and then it tracks the host you were contacting, and suddenly starts allowing ingress traffic from that host as long as you continue to communicate? I would guess there's a timeout where if you stop sending packets to that host on that port, the "flap" closes.

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In computer networking, egress filtering is the practice of monitoring and potentially restricting the flow of information outbound from one network to another. Typically, it is information from a private TCP/IP computer network to the Internet that is controlled.

In a corporate network, typical recommendations are that all traffic except that emerging from a select set of servers would be denied egress.[2][3][4][5] Restrictions can further be made such that only select protocols such as HTTP, email, and DNS are allowed. User workstations would then need to be configured either manually or via proxy auto-config to use one of the allowed servers as a proxy.

Corporate networks also typically have a limited number of internal address blocks in use. An edge device at the boundary between the internal corporate network and external networks (such as the Internet) is used to perform egress checks against packets leaving the internal network, verifying that the source IP address in all outbound packets is within the range of allocated internal address blocks.

Egress filtering may require policy changes and administrative work whenever a new application requires external network access. For this reason, egress filtering is an uncommon feature on consumer and very small business networks. PCI DSS requires outbound filtering to be in place on any server in the cardholder's environment. This is described in PCI-DSS v3.0, requirement 1.3.3.

An egress-only internet gateway is a horizontally scaled, redundant, and highly available VPC component that allows outbound communication over IPv6 from instances in your VPC to the internet, and prevents the internet from initiating an IPv6 connection with your instances.

IPv6 addresses are globally unique, and are therefore public by default. If you want your instance to be able to access the internet, but you want to prevent resources on the internet from initiating communication with your instance, you can use an egress-only internet gateway. To do this, create an egress-only internet gateway in your VPC, and then add a route to your route table that points all IPv6 traffic (::/0) or a specific range of IPv6 address to the egress-only internet gateway. IPv6 traffic in the subnet that's associated with the route table is routed to the egress-only internet gateway.

To send traffic destined outside the VPC to the egress-only internet gateway, you must create a custom route table, add a route that sends traffic to the gateway, and then associate it with your subnet.

On the Routes tab, choose Edit routes, specify ::/0 in the Destination box, select the egress-only internet gateway ID in the Target list, and then choose Save changes.

Alternatively, you can add a route to an existing route table that's associated with your subnet. Select your existing route table, and follow steps 5 and 6 above to add a route for the egress-only internet gateway.

If you no longer need an egress-only internet gateway, you can delete it. Any route in a route table that points to the deleted egress-only internet gateway remains in a blackhole status until you manually delete or update the route.

Egress lockdown ensures that you have access to URLs, such as management.azure.com, so you can create another worker node backed by Azure VMs. Egress lockdown ensures access even if the outbound (egress) traffic is restricted by a firewall appliance or other means.

In order to function, egress lockdown relies on the Server Name Indication (SNI) extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS). All customer workloads that communicate with the well-known subset of domains must have SNI enabled.

Egress lockdown is enabled by default for new cluster creation. However, to enable egress lockdown on existing clusters, you must have SNI enabled on the customer workloads. To enable egress lockdown on your existing clusters, submit a support case to either Microsoft Support or Red Hat Support. 17dc91bb1f

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