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Tackling Bacterial Infections and Biocompatibility
Tackling Bacterial Infections and Biocompatibility
Patients receiving ECMO support for critical heart and lung conditions are at increased risk of bacterial infections, particularly from Staphylococcus and Candida, which can prolong hospital stays and increase mortality risk. The metal cannulas, in direct contact with the bloodstream, often facilitate bacterial growth. To reduce this risk, we propose a gold-silver nanoparticle coating to prevent bacterial adherence and growth, enhancing patient safety and outcomes.
(Scientific Image and Illustration Software | BioRender, n.d.)
Gold-Silver Nanoparticle Coating
Gold-Silver Nanoparticle Coating
Antibacterial properties: can disrupt DNA replication in bacterial cells by binding to the strands.
Silver has better antibacterial properties
Gold is more biocompatible hence more suitable to coat on surfaces in contact with the bloodstream.
A combination of these 2 metal nanoparticles can create an optimal coating to prevent infections and inflammatory response.
Conferring Anticoagulatory Properties
Conferring Anticoagulatory Properties
Blood oxygenation by the ECMO machine can trigger coagulation, potentially causing thrombosis, a life-threatening blockage that restricts oxygen supply to organs and muscles. Since clotting often occurs near the cannula [4], we propose another coating to reduce clot formation in this area, lowering the risk of thrombosis.
Silver-Heparin Complex Coating
Silver-Heparin Complex Coating
The conjugation of silver nanoparticles to heparin molecules forms either fully enclosed or semi-enclosed heparin protein complexes around an aggregate of silver nanoparticles.
This complex has shown anticoagulation properties in various studies published in papers.
The heparin branch enclosing silver nanoparticles can be coated on the surface of cannulas.
(Scientific Image and Illustration Software | BioRender, n.d.)
*Image does not show actual proportions
References
References
[1] Meher, M. K., & Poluri, K. M. (2021). Anticoagulation and antibacterial properties of heparinized nanosilver with different morphologies. Carbohydrate Polymers, 266, 118124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118124[2] Okkeh, M., Bloise, N., Restivo, E., De Vita, L., Pallavicini, P., & Visai, L. (2021). Gold Nanoparticles: Can They Be the Next Magic Bullet for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria?. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020312[3] Roe, D., Karandikar, B., Bonn-Savage, N., Gibbins, B., & Roullet, J. B. (2008). Antimicrobial surface functionalization of plastic catheters by silver nanoparticles. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 61(4), 869–876. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkn034 [4] Biffi, S., Di Bella, S., Scaravilli, V., Peri, A. M., Grasselli, G., Alagna, L., Pesenti, A., & Gori, A. (2017). Infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 50(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.02.025 [5] Kızmaz, Y. U., Külahçıoğlu, Ş., Kaya, S. D., Gürcü, M. E., Karagöz, A., & Kırali, M. K. (2023). Epidemiology and risk factors of infections among patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a tertiary heart center. PubMed, 27(15), 7235–7244. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202308_33295 [6] A golden solution quickly eliminates bacterial infections, no antibiotics required. (n.d.). National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/news-events/newsroom/golden-solution-quickly-eliminates-bacterial-infections-no-antibiotics-required[7] Scientific image and illustration software | BioRender. (n.d.). https://biorender.com/
Manivannan Mridini
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