Main results

Stage I (08.01.2025 - 30.06.2025): Data collection and sample preparation, investigation of maternal genetic diversity (part 1) and ecological signs (part 1) in historical populations

• The samples for molecular analyses (collagen extraction and genetic material extraction) were identified, documented, selected, and prepared while ensuring the integrity of the biological material of archaeological origin. 

• Genetic material was extracted from dental and calculus samples to assess the preservation level of nucleic acids. Classical analysis, involving PCR amplification of target regions, demonstrated the presence of endogenous DNA, particularly relevant for the reconstruction of the human mitochondrial control region. In addition, genetic polymorphisms associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were tested; however, no specific results were obtained, suggesting methodological limitations in the analysis of nuclear genetic material. 

• DNA libraries were constructed for NGS sequencing for a first batch of individuals. Their characterization (in terms of size and concentration) indicated that they are suitable for the actual sequencing process. 

• A series of samples were also prepared and processed for collagen extraction from osteological material (with no diagnostic value in physical anthropology analyses). Quality control analyses for some of the samples revealed a high degree of collagen degradation. 

• UBB Master of Science Day, 28th March 2025, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca