For even semesters 2026
B.Sc. 6th
Astronomy and astrophysics
Unit –I: Fundamentals of astronomy (Lectures 8)
Basic components of the universe – stars, planets and galaxies; celestial sphere and celestial coordinates system - altitude-azimuth (Alt-Az) and right ascension-declination (RA-DEC); Introduction to constellations through sky observation and Stellarium; concept of time – universal time, solar and mean solar time, sidereal time, local sidereal time, Julian day; flux and luminosity of celestial objects; stellar magnitude scale – apparent and absolute magnitude; measurement of stellar distances – trigonometric parallax; introduction to HIPPARCOS and GAIA.
Unit – III: Stellar astrophysics (Lectures 13)
Star formation from interstellar medium (introduction only); properties of stars – mass, luminosity, radius and effective surface temperature; mass-luminosity, mass-radius and luminosity-radiustemperature relation; variable stars- cepheids; star clusters – open and globular, their ages (introduction only). Gravity and thermodynamics – hydrostatic equilibrium of stars; virial theorem; internal temperature and pressure of stars; spectral classification – HR diagram; stellar evolution- idea of nucleosynthesis in main sequence phase- pp and CNO cycle; evolution of Sun-like stars off the main sequence -red giants and white dwarfs- Chandrasekhar mass limit (introduction only); evolution of massive stars – neutron stars and black holes (introduction only).
Unit-IV: The solar system (Lectures 5)
The Sun; properties of photosphere, chromospheres and corona; Formation of the solar system – Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis; asteroid belt and meteorites; Distances and atmospheres of planets; Pluto and dwarf planets; comets – Kuiper belt and Oort cloud; extra-solar planets – transit method of detection (introduction only).
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B.Sc. 4th semester
Mathematical Physics
Unit II: Fourier Series (Lectures 07)
Periodic functions. Orthogonality of sine and cosine functions, Dirichlet Conditions (Statement only). Expansion of periodic functions in a series of sine and cosine functions and determination of Fourier coefficients. Complex representation of Fourier series. Application to square and triangular waves.
Quantum mechanics
Unit I : Origin of Quantum Theory (Lectures= 3)
Failure of classical theories, Explanation of Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, different evidence in support of quantum theory, particle nature of radiation, Bohr’s correspondence principle.
Unit II: Dynamical Variables as Operators and Uncertainty Principle ( Lectures=10)
Dynamical variables as operators, definition of an operator, different types of operators and their properties, position, energy and momentum operator; commutation relations; introduction to Hilbert space, Dirac notation, eigenvalue and eigenfunctions; expectation value of an operator e.g. position, momentum operator etc, orthonormality condition, Ehrenfest’s theorem. Simultaneous measurement and uncertainty principle; general statement of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle(for any two non commutating operators), different uncertainty relations involving canonical pair of variables; particle trajectory and fuzziness, applications of the position momentum uncertainty principle, application of energy time uncertainty principle to virtual particles and range of an interaction.
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B.Sc. 2nd semester
Electrostatics
Unit II: Dielectric properties of matter
Electric field in matter. Polarization, polarization charges. Electric susceptibility and dielectric constant. Capacitor (parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical) filled with dielectric. Displacement vector, D. Relation mbetween E, P, and D. Gauss's law in dielectrics.
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M.Sc. 4th semester
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Astronomy
Introduction to astronomy and astrophysics
Unit 2: Distance Measurements and Observational Techniques
Celestial coordinates, concept of time
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Unit 1: Cosmology
Expanding universe, cosmological principles, Hubble’s law, Hot Big Bang model, radiation era, matter-radiation decoupling, CMBR, Steady State Theory, Quasi Steady State Cosmology (introductory discussion only), dark matter, accelerating universe, dark energy (cosmological constant, quintessence, phantom field).
Unit 2: Early Universe
Limits of classical cosmology, Planck era, inflation, horizon problem, flatness problem, formation of large-scale structure, scalar fields, baryon asymmetry, big-bang nucleosynthesis, topological defects.
Unit 3: Quantum Gravity (elementary idea)
Graviton, quantum gravitational field, supergravity.
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Unit 1: Crystallography
Bravais lattices (two and three dimensions), typical crystal structures (sc, fcc, bcc, closed-packed structures), reciprocal lattice.Interaction of X-Rays with matter, absorption of X-Rays, elastic scattering from a perfect lattice, X-Ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, Laue, powder and rotating crystal method, scattering factor, structure factor.
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For odd semesters, 2024
M.Sc. 1st semester
1. Mathematical physics
Unit 3: Integral transforms
Laplace transform, inverse Laplace transform by partial fraction, LT of derivatives and integrals, Fourier transform, FT of derivatives, applications, momentum representation.
2. Quantum mechanics
Unit 1: Fundamental Concepts:
Orbital angular momentum and magnetic moment, Spin angular momentum and magnetic moment.
The Stern Gerlach Experiment, Kets, Bras and Operators, Base Kets and Matrix Representations
Measurements, Observables and Uncertainty Relations, Change of basis, Position, momentum and translation, Wave functions in Position and Momentum Space.
Unit 2: Quantum Dynamics:
Time evolution and the Schrödinger equation, The Schrödinger versus the Heisenberg picture
Simple Harmonic Oscillator, Schrödinger wave equation, Propagators and Feynman Path integrals, Potentials and Gauge transformations.
M.Sc. 3rd semester
1. Astrophysics and Cosmology-I
Unit 3: Stellar Structures and Sun
Stellar structure equations, Newtonian theory of equilibrium, polytropic gas spheres, Lane-Emden equation and its solutions, physical characteristics from solutions of Lane-Emden equation, structure of sun (photosphere, chromosphere, corona), solar activity.
2. Astrophysics and Cosmology-II
Unit 1: Stellar Evolution
Virial theorem, star formation, Jeans criteria, various stages of nuclear burning, protostars, evolution of pre- and post-main sequence stars, compact objects: white dwarf, neutron stars (pulsars) and black holes.
B.Sc. 5th semester
1. Quantum mechanics
Unit I: Time Dependent Schrödinger Equation
Time dependent Schrödinger equation and dynamical evolution of a quantum state, properties of wave function. Interpretation of wave function. Probability and probability current densities in three dimensions. Conditions for physical acceptability of wave functions. Normalization. Linearity and Superposition Principles. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Position, momentum and energy operators; commutator of position and momentum operators. Expectation values of position and momentum. wave function of a free particle.
Unit II: Time Independent Schrödinger Equation
Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy eigenvalues; expansion of an arbitrary wave function as a linear combination of energy eigenfunctions; General solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation in terms of linear combinations of stationary states; Application to spread of Gaussian wave-packet for a free particle in one dimension; wave packets, Fourier transforms and momentum space wave function; Position-momentum uncertainty principle.
Unit V: Atoms in Electric & Magnetic Fields
Electron angular momentum. Space quantization. Electron Spin and Spin Angular Momentum. Larmor’s Theorem. Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern-Gerlach Experiment. Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Energy, Gyromagnetic Ratio and Bohr Magneton. Zeeman Effect: Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Paschen-Back Effect and Stark Effect (Qualitative Discussion only).
B.Sc. 3rd semester
1. Wave and Optics (Theory)
Unit– II: Wave motion
Waves: Progressive (Travelling) Waves, wave equation, plane wave and spherical wave, Longitudinal and Transverse Waves, dispersion, group velocity, phase velocity, Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. Intensity of Wave.
B.Sc. 1st semester
1. Mathematical Physics and Mechanics (Part B – Mechanics)
Unit –VII: Properties of matter
Relation between elastic constants. Twisting torque on a cylinder or wire. Cantilever. Kinematics of moving fluids: Poiseuille’s equation for flow of a liquid through a capillary tube.
H. S. 2nd year, 2024
Unit 7: Dual nature of radiation and matter
Chapter 11: Dual nature of radiation and matter
H. S. 1st year 2024
Unit 7: Properties of bulk matter
Chapter 9: Mechanical properties of solids
Chapter 10: Mechanical properties of fluids