Eastern Standard Time

An email sent from someone in the Eastern Standard Time (EST) time zone will have the time zone listed as "-0500" in the headers of the email. (However, "-0500" does not have to be in Eastern Standard Time, as other time zones could have the same UTC offset).

In everyday usage, EST is often referred to as Eastern Time (ET) or the Eastern Time Zone. This can add a bit of confusion as the term Eastern Time does not differentiate between standard time and Daylight Saving Time, so Eastern Time switches between EST and EDT in areas that use DST during part of the year.

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The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing part or all of 23 states in the eastern part of the United States, parts of eastern Canada, and the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico.

On the second Sunday in March, at 2:00 a.m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3:00 a.m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap. On the first Sunday in November, at 2:00 a.m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1:00 a.m. EST, which results in one hour being duplicated. Southern parts of the zone in Panama and the Caribbean, however, do not observe daylight saving time.

The boundaries of the Eastern Time Zone have moved westward since the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) took over time-zone management from railroads in 1938. The easternmost and northernmost counties in Kentucky were added to the zone in the 1940s, and in 1961 most of the state went Eastern. In 2000, Wayne County, on the Tennessee border, switched from Central to Eastern Time.[1] Within the United States, the Eastern Time Zone is the most populous region, with nearly half of the country's population.

In March 2019, the Florida Legislature passed a bill requesting authorization from Congress for year-round daylight saving time, which would effectively put Florida on Atlantic Standard Time year-round (except for west of the Apalachicola River, which would be on Eastern Standard Time year-round).[2] A similar bill was proposed for the Canadian province of Ontario by its legislative assembly in late 2020, which would have a similar effect on the province if passed.[3]

For those in the United States, daylight saving time for the Eastern Time Zone was introduced by the Uniform Time Act of 1966, which specified that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October.[4] The act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time beginning in 1987.[4]

Later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States, beginning in 2007. Since then, local times change at 2:00 a.m. EST to 3:00 a.m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, and return from 2:00 a.m. EDT to 1:00 a.m. EST on the first Sunday in November.[4]

Most of Canada observes daylight saving time synchronously with the United States, with the exception of Saskatchewan, Yukon,[8] and several other very localized areas. None of those areas are in the Eastern Time Zone.

The Turks and Caicos Islands followed Eastern Time with daylight saving until 2015, when the territory switched to the Atlantic Time Zone. The Turks and Caicos Islands switched back to the pre-2015 schedule in March 2018.[13] A 2017 consultation paper highlighted the advantage for business and tourism of being in the same time zone as the eastern United States as an important factor in the decision.[14]

I have a series of datasets from a water quality continuous monitoring probe with the Date and Time set in Eastern Standard Time (EST) so there is no correction of Daylight Savings Time (EDT). In R, the fields are recognized as factors when importing the data table from an MS access database however when converting using as.POSIXct() dates and times from 02:00 (24 clock) on 2016-03-13 become NAs. This is due to the transition from EST to EDT...therefore technically 2016-03-13 02:00 doesn't exist.

Is there a way to convert the factor or character field to as POSIXct field while retaining the EST timezone designation? Alternatively is there a way to identify and convert the proper date and times into EST and EDT?

I have gone around and around and can't get anything to work. I have attempted to convert to GMT (or UTC) then convert back to EST (tz="America/New_York"). I realize that this is an ongoing issue and people who work with date and time data, especially in R would love to move away from EDT.

The trouble with using POSIX tz = "America/New_York" is that daylight savings time is accounted for (UTC-4 or UTC-5), even if the underlying timestamps are stored in U.S. Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5).

You should be able to designate your tz as Etc/GMT+5. From there, it is easy to convert between EST, Eastern local time, and GMT. Note that in R, time zones west of UTC are denoted with a positive offset (see Time Zone Names documentation in ?timezone).

I have run into a similar issue using water quality data that does not observe daylight savings time. The workaround I have found useful is to use America/Jamaica rather than America/New_York. Below are a list of GMT offsets and the tz to use.

I also see both US Mountain Standard Time and Mountain Standard Time, but I'm pretty sure that's because the US version is for Arizona, which doesn't observe DST. I'd assume the regular Mountain Standard Time applies for the rest of the US states in the Mountain time zone. Am I correct?

"US Eastern Standard Time" refers to the timezone for the majority of Indiana, which did not observe Daylight Saving Time before 2007. Similarly, "Canada Central Standard Time" is used for Saskatchewan, and "US Mountain Standard Time" for Arizona, which still do not observe DST.

The time zone IDs are assigned in a somewhat illogical way. The "No DST" version mentioned for e.g. the Cayman Islands is called "SA Pacific Standard Time" (SA = South America, and if you look at a timezone map you will see that the -05:00 offset applies to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru on the west coast of South America)

For another example of timezone IDs "Greenwich Standard Time" which refers to the time zone used in Iceland, which is UTC+00:00 year-round with no DST, whereas "GMT Standard Time" refers to the British timezone which does have DST.

Each time zone corresponds to one of the menu items that you can select from the timezone control panel. This MSDN page shows the correspondence between the text in the menu and the actual timezone ID:

gives me a list of time zones, but there is no "Eastern Daylight Time", only "Eastern Standard Time." There is a column "is_current_dst" which seems correct. But as far as I know, it doesn't make any sense to talk about the time zone "Eastern Standard Time" being in DST or not. Eastern Standard Time means it is not Daylight Saving Time. "Eastern Daylight Time" means it is Daylight Saving Time. To me this seems like getting a list of animals, and instead of having "Dog" and "Cat" on the list, there's only "Dog", with a "isCat" flag!

The time zone list actually comes from an API call to the OS, But SQL Server doesn't expose all of the columns/attributes available. Unfortunately, this means that we're depending on the design decisions of Windows, which treats Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Daylight Time as one time zone that changes names and UTC offset.

What SQL Server shows as the name corresponds to the StandardName from the OS/PowerShell. SQL Server does know if it is currently the time zone is currently experiencing Daylight Saving Time, but it doesn't have a concept of the DaylightName... It exclusively uses the StandardName

I recently played around with this, including caching the data from PowerShell into a table in SQL Server, to make it easier to map DST time zone names to the standard ones used by SQL Server. You'll still need to use the standard name with AT TIME ZONE, but can at least have the full set of data available. You can read more about that here

The change, the Cancun CVB said, \"will mean the destination will gain added sunlight each day, which according to hoteliers and service providers in Cancun, will result in economic benefits, as tourists will enjoy extra time on the beaches, consume more at restaurants and cafes, and spend longer time in parks and excursions found in and around the destination.\"

Starting in 2007, clocks following the new North American standard for Daylight Saving Time are to be turned forward by one hour on the second Sunday in March and turned back on the first Sunday of November.

These boundaries and changeover dates have serial number 07, broadcast in computer readable form on short wave station CHU along with Canada's official time reference UTC (NRC): Coordinated Universal Time, the modern implementation of Greenwich Time.

Daylight saving time in Canada is determined by provincial legislation. Exceptions may exist in certain municipalities. The time zone maps and the dates listed below have been in effect since 2020. (This has been denoted as serial number #07 as is transmitted in CHU code.)

In an effort to limit the spread of the virus, 90 percent of NRC staff have transitioned to teleworking. Employees who remain onsite are working on COVID-related programs, and performing critical tasks such as ensuring our buildings are secure, monitoring equipment and facilities, keeping systems running safely, and receiving essential shipments at loading docks on reduced hours. The NRC remains committed to all of our clients and collaborators, therefore we will continue to carefully consider which facilities need to remain open and which projects are critical to support Canada and Canadians during this difficult time.

I would strongly recommend you to read the PHP manual for this functionality, and also use the version I used in my example, as it makes it much easier to read and understand the code later on. I.e. which date/time you are modifying etc. 006ab0faaa