The four cardinal directions, or cardinal points, are the four main compass directions: north, south, east, and west, commonly denoted by their initials N, S, E, and W respectively. Relative to north, the directions east, south, and west are at 90 degree intervals in the clockwise direction.

The ordinal directions (also called the intercardinal directions) are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW). The intermediate direction of every set of intercardinal and cardinal direction is called a secondary intercardinal direction. These eight shortest points in the compass rose shown to the right are:


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These eight directional names have been further compounded known as tertiary intercardinal directions, resulting in a total of 32 named points evenly spaced around the compass: north (N), north by east (NbE), north-northeast (NNE), northeast by north (NEbN), northeast (NE), northeast by east (NEbE), east-northeast (ENE), east by north (EbN), east (E), etc.

Cardinal directions or cardinal points may sometimes be extended to include vertical position (elevation, altitude, depth): north and south, east and west, up and down; or mathematically the six directions of the x-, y-, and z-axes in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Topographic maps include elevation, typically via contour lines.Alternatively, elevation angle may be combined with cardinal direction (or, more generally, arbitrary azimuth angle) to form a local spherical coordinate system.

Similarly, when describing the location of one astronomical object relative to another, "north" means closer to the North celestial pole, "east" means at a higher right ascension, "south" means closer to the South celestial pole, and "west" means at a lower right ascension. If one is looking at two stars that are below the North Star, for example, the one that is "east" will actually be further to the left.

During the Migration Period, the Germanic names for the cardinal directions entered the Romance languages, where they replaced the Latin names borealis (or septentrionalis) with north, australis (or meridionalis) with south, occidentalis with west and orientalis with east. It is possible that some northern people used the Germanic names for the intermediate directions. Medieval Scandinavian orientation would thus have involved a 45 degree rotation of cardinal directions.[5]

Sanskrit and other Indian languages that borrow from it use the names of the gods associated with each direction: east (Indra), southeast (Agni), south (Yama/Dharma), southwest (Nirrti), west (Varuna), northwest (Vayu), north (Kubera/Heaven) and northeast (Ishana/Shiva). North is associated with the Himalayas and heaven while the south is associated with the underworld or land of the fathers (Pitr loka). The directions are named by adding "disha" to the names of each god or entity: e.g. Indradisha (direction of Indra) or Pitrdisha (direction of the forefathers i.e. south).

Use of the compass directions is common and deeply embedded in European and Chinese culture (see south-pointing chariot). Some other cultures make greater use of other referents, such as toward the sea or toward the mountains (Hawaii, Bali), or upstream and downstream (most notably in ancient Egypt, also in the Yurok and Karuk languages). Lengo (Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands) has four non-compass directions: landward, seaward, upcoast, and downcoast.[citation needed]

I am at about 53 deg North and the front door of my house faces east. but according to stellarium is faces west. This BAD idea seems common on alot of sky/star maps and is really confusing to a novice who wants to located stars. And as i am in North Staffordshire England it it cloudy 6 nights out of seven so i was hopeing to learn the sky from stellarium then on the odd clear night i have i could look up and go that is xxxxx. But all is left/right east/west transposed making life very difficult. So would be nice to be able to configure stallarium to reflect reality! If this is not possible i think i'll giveup astronomy, anyone want to buy an LX90 :-(

my location looks south so i had stellarium loading and facing south... later iĀ 

found that i spent most of my time looking to the east so i adjusted stellariumĀ 

to load up looking east... the stars i see naked-eyed in stellarium are the sameĀ 

ones i see in the sky... they are at the same positions...

he's not being funny... turn on the direction markers so you can see whichĀ 

direction you are looking and take a screenshot so we can see easterly start inĀ 

the west if things are reversed as you say...

he's not being funny... turn on the direction markers so you can see whichĀ 

direction you are looking and take a screenshot so we can see easterly start

inĀ 

the west if things are reversed as you say...

I have an APM mini 3.1 on a quad, when I point the quad north mission planner says north and then south says south, but then when I point it east is says west and pointed west it says east. I can change the offsets to make things change but they change the whole scale together I cant find an option to flip east and west.

Any ideas?

Thanks, Dave

Yes Im using 2.0.4. Ive learned I can change the starting waypoint by changing it in the app however one has to add an additonal pass outside the desired zone if say you want to start at the opposite end of the field by choosing 2 as the starting pass vs 1. If you dont you end up loosing pass number 1 as the drone just runs from pass 2 on to the end of the mission. What I am asking is cant one choose where and in what successive direction does the drone run its mission. Say starting on the SE corner of the field and working the mission then in a westerly order vs starting a mile kitty corner and flying the mission working ones way east which is what now the program defaults to.

MassDOT is expanding its intercity passenger rail plans for western Massachusetts to incorporate more north-south service through the Connecticut River Valley and a possible new route between Boston and Albany, New York.

A proposed new "Boston and Albany" Amtrak route would also use the upgraded tracks between Worcester and Springfield, but instead of turning south into Connecticut, it would continue west to Pittsfield and Albany.


The magnetic pole extends north to south with the positive (+) pole to the north and negative (-) pole to the south. Consider the idea that the human organism is also like the magnetic pole - the top of the head is positively charged, and the bottom of the feet negatively charged.

Very early compasses were made of a magnetized needle attached to a piece of wood or cork that floated freely in a dish of water. As the needle would settle, the marked end would point toward magnetic north.

Even without a compass card, there are techniques that use the sun as a compass. One method is to make a shadow stick. A shadow stick is a stick placed upright in the ground. Pebbles placed around the stick, and a piece of string to track the shadow of the sun across the sky, help a navigator determine the directions of east and west.

Yet many enterprises still secure corporate networks the way they did 30 years ago, force-fitting an old idea of east/west north/south traffic management onto a new way of work. They differentiate two types of traffic, inside and outside the firewall. If someone is inside, that user must have been authenticated and so can be trusted with the east-west run of the castle. If someone is outside and seeking to enter, that user must traverse the long, linear maze of one-at-a-time security appliances at the drawbridge. New threats emerge, and IT leaders struggle to make the metaphorical moat harder to cross. And when (not if) bad actors move south over the drawbridge, they have free range to move east-west within the castle. This lateral threat has been the biggest reason for IT to resist the cloud. Leveraging cloud in this old model invariably results in a much larger attack surface.

Creating exceptions or fitting old technologies for new problems slows (and weakens) our progress. We must redefine the east/west and north/south metaphor. In a direct-connection environment, all traffic becomes north/south. Policies and tools enable users to access resources, whether those resources are internal or external, in the cloud or in the data center. Ultimately, traffic is traffic, and geographical direction matters less. What matters is control. Threat risk must be assessed continuously, and traffic must be secured as it moves inside and outside the metaphorical castle.

Office 365, Azure, Amazon Web Services and GCP are optimized for access from any network and any device. Forcing them into an MPLS-east/west topology breaks security models and makes for a worse user experience. Design your own data centers to look (and act) like the cloud. Let employees access those corporate resources directly with federated identity. From Starbucks. Like they're already doing with Office 365.

Rethinking the east/west north/south compass metaphor is a must for IT leaders looking to transform their enterprises into a new, cloud-enabled way of work: users connecting directly to any application on any device on any network, with no sacrifice to security, visibility or user experience. The path to working differently starts with thinking differently about those compass points.

I can see that moving the RA axis will rotate the mount around the celestial pole, but not actually move the telescope in azimuth direction. So would I be right in thinking that when someone says "go 15* west of the north pole" that this would correspond to rotating the mount 1 hour in RA? It doesn't actually point the telescope to 15* west of the celestial pole (e.g. a bearing of 345*) as far as I can tell -it's still pointing north.

Similarly, moving the Dec. axis seems to be move the scope parallel to the meridian, but not actually through the pole, unless RA is set to the same azimuth as the bearing to the pole (i.e. with the mount in its "home" position). This is where the "north-south mapping to declination" gets confusing. In AZ movements, if someone says "go towards north", I would rotate the mount toward a bearing of 0 degrees, or considering the elevation as well, point to towards the northern pole (i.e near Polaris). However, the EQ declination axis only seems to the scope parallel to the north-south meridian, and doesn't pass through it, so it's different to using a compass to turn to face the north. e24fc04721

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