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Earthquake magnitude and intensity are both important measurements obtained after an earthquake. They refer to two different aspects of the seismic event, the size and the damage, but they are often confused with one another.
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The magnitude is a number indicating the size of the seismic event. An earthquake has only one value of magnitude. Such a value is obtained by analyzing seismic signals. The more seismic signals are analyzed, and the more time is spent on the analysis, the more accurate the resulting magnitude value will be.
The intensity is a number (written as a Roman numeral) indicating the damage caused by an earthquake. An earthquake has several intensity values, because the shaking and the damages can vary from place to place depending on the distance from the epicenter. The intensity is calculated using human observations and reports of felt shaking and damage.
Calculating an accurate preliminary magnitude is difficult because the earthquake itself is a complex process. Besides, several different techniques exist to calculate the earthquake magnitude. Some techniques are easier to apply and can return an approximate magnitude value within a few seconds from the earthquake onset. Other methods, on the contrary, are more robust, but require large data sets, extensive analysis, hence longer computing time.
When an earthquake strikes, it is important both for the seismological agencies and the citizens to have rapid preliminary information about the earthquake size. With more data coming in, and more time dedicated to the analysis, seismologists can, in a longer time range, return a refined and more accurate value of the earthquake magnitude.
Aftershocks are smaller seismic events that follow a major earthquake. If you live near the epicenter of the earthquake, you are likely going to experience aftershocks in the hours and days that follow the main seismic event.
You might also have noticed that certain regions of the world (e.g., Chile, Japan, Indonesia) are often hit by large (M>7) earthquakes. These regions are located over the so-called subduction zones, where one tectonic plate moves under the other and sinks into the mantle.
Before you leave- familiarise yourself with the advice on what to do in case of an earthquake; - register with your country's embassy in the destination to which you're travelling. In this way, officials can locate and assist you in the event of an emergency.When you arriveIdentify safe places (in the hotel room, in the building, in the surroundings) where to find shelter in the event of an earthquake.During an earthquakeIf you're in your hotel room, go immediately to one of your identified safe places. If you are outdoors, move as far away from buildings.After and earthquakeBe prepared for aftershocks. Use your mobile phone for emergency calls only in order to keep lines open for disaster response. Is there a tsunami risk?
To predict an earthquake, seismologists should be able to have precise answers to the following three basic questions:- time: when will the earthquake occur? - location: where will the earthquake occur?- magnitude: how strong will the earthquake be?
Seismologists cannot predict earthquakes at present. They can, nonetheless, estimate the probability of experiencing a seismic event in a specific area within a time window. This is what seismologists call a probabilistic earthquake forecast.
Seismic hazards are the effects following an earthquake such as the ground shaking, a landslide or a tsunami, a ground rupture or the phenomenon of soil liquefaction. All these events can cause harm, threaten life and properties, and produce losses.
Experiencing an earthquake can be scary: you may fear for your life and the lives of the people around you. Since no one can predict with certainty when an earthquake will happen, it is important that everyone gets prepared in advance.
During the earthquake:Wherever you are (inside, outside), take cover immediately. Move quickly to a nearby safe place.AVOID- doorways: doors may slam shut - windows: they can broke- elevators: in case of a power shutdown, you might get trapped inside - coastline: there might be a tsunamisSmall earthquake:- you may feel the shaking- shaking can last a few seconds- some minor rattling of objects may occur in your homeLarge earthquakes:- you feel shaking, which can be violent- shaking can last up to several minutes- you may be unable to walk because of the ground shaking- objects could fall over the floor with violent force- windows may break- lights and power may go off
- You live in an earthquake-prone regionDownload LastQuake! In case of an earthquake, you will get alerted and receive information about the event. If you feel an earthquake, you can share your testimony and help us improve our understanding of the felt shaking and the possible damages.
A massive increase of traffic, suddenly detected on the websites (classic and mobile), on the LastQuake app, or on Twitter, means an earthquake might have occurred and been felt by the population in aspecific area.
Citizen Seismology is a cutting-edge scientific approach based on the collaboration between seismologists and citizens who have experienced an earthquake. This novel approach is equally beneficial for both seismologists and citizens and it brings a number of advantages to the fields of seismology, sociology and risk management.
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The February 6 earthquakes of 7.8 and 7.5 magnitude, followed by more than 7,500 aftershocks and two additional earthquakes, have resulted in the largest such disaster to hit the country in over 80 years, and have inflicted the heaviest damage in 11 provinces in southern Trkiye. These regions have some of the highest poverty rates in Trkiye and also host more than 1.7 million Syrian refugees, which is almost 50% of the total Syrian refugee population in Trkiye.
World Vision is providing vital assistance to those affected by the 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck northwest Syria and southeast Turkey on February 6, 2023. The disaster has impacted 15.73 million people throughout the border region, leaving millions in urgent need of aid. World Vision is working with 15 local partners, including Takaful Al Sham in Syria (shown). (2023 World Vision)
Children gather around a makeshift fire to ward off the cold in northwest Syria. Hundreds of thousands of people lacked adequate shelter and sanitation after powerful earthquakes and aftershocks caused devastation in Syria and southeast Turkey in early February 2023. (2023 World Vision)
Tens of thousands of buildings have been destroyed or deemed unsafe in the aftermath of the February 6 earthquake. With homes lost or uninhabitable, children and families take refuge in emergency shelters. (2023 World Vision)
People walk on heaps of rubble amid a scene of devastation in Syria, where a powerful 7.8 magnitude earthquake and a series of aftershocks rocked southeastern Turkey and northwestern Syria on February 6, 2023. (2023 World Vision)
On February 6, 2023, a powerful earthquake devastated vast areas of southern Turkey (officially the Republic of Trkiye) and war-torn northwest Syria, leaving millions of people in the region struggling to rebuild their lives. The situation in northwest Syria has worsened since the disaster, with affected communities enduring immense challenges: displacement, hunger and malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, and fires caused by extreme summer heat. Millions of people still grappling with the aftermath of the destruction face a deteriorating humanitarian crisis.
The World Bank has also commenced a rapid damage assessment to estimate the magnitude of the disaster and identify priority areas for recovery and reconstruction support, building on its extensive experience in disaster risk management from around the world.
World Vision has been working to support Haitian children and families affected by the 2021 earthquake, including rebuilding three schools and providing educational opportunities. We supplied nearly 7,200 children with backpacks, notebooks, pens, pencils, and more. By gaining access to quality education, girls like Louisina, Sophie, and Jilienne (shown above, left to right, at ages 9, 13, and 11) can evolve into lifelong learners equipped to shape their communities. Their radiant smiles mirror the joy they find in learning and growing. (2022 World Vision/photo by Guy F. Vital-Herne)
In partnership with the World Food Programme, World Vision teams readied shipments of hygiene and baby care kits in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The swift response followed a powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake that struck the country in August 2021, creating an urgent need for life-saving assistance. (2021 World Vision/photo by Paola Avello)
A magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Haiti on August 14, 2021. It was stronger than the magnitude 7.0 earthquake in 2010 that devastated the poverty-stricken Caribbean country, affected 3 million people, and left 1.5 million homeless. (2021 World Vision)
The ruins of the Sacred Heart Church of Les Cayes, Haiti. The church was among 60 houses of worship that were destroyed or damaged following the magnitude 7.2 earthquake. (2021 World Vision/photo by Guy Vital-Herne)
Since the devastating earthquake that struck Haiti on August 14, 2021, the country has faced a complex and challenging situation. The magnitude 7.2 earthquake claimed several thousand lives and injured many more. The disaster exacerbated the existing vulnerabilities of a nation already dealing with political instability, gang violence, economic fragility, and a history of natural disasters, including the catastrophic January 2010 earthquake that killed as many as 300,000 people. ff782bc1db