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January 1, 2024 started, January 20, 2024, April 21, and July 23 revised.
Takanori Senoh
Introduction
The Earth motion can be observed by the displacement of laser beam spot position. Because the Earth orbiting speed (30km/s) is too slow comparing to the light speed (300,000km/s), the beam spot displacement is 1/10,000 of the light pass length. It is important to suppress the drift of the observation system.
2. New Observation System
In the new observation system as shown in the following figure, mirrors are removed, and the light pass (3.15m) is made straight. The screen is facing to the laser pointer directly. The laser pointer is fixed by two sets of iron plate and screw at its head and tail. Also, because it was found the laser switch ON/OFF action slightly bent the pointer (about 6μm) and it moves the beam spot position about 0.6mm, the laser switch is fixed by a brick weight to keep its ON state, its underside is supported by a metal fitting, hence the laser bent is removed. The laser ON/OFF control is done by screwing the battery case rid. As a result, the beam spot drift is suppressed to less than 0.1mm, including the measurement error. Because the so-far observation results showed the Earth is moving to the opposite direction to the Solar system motion, the observation system is placed to South-North direction to observe the East-West displacement of the beam spot, which will more accurately show the Earth motion.
3. Observation Result
Following pictures show the typical laser spot positions in December 29 to 30, 2023. The pictures were taken at 10-minutes interval for each 1 hour of every 3 hours, from December 29, 08:00 to December 30, 09:00, for totally 25 hours. Because if the beam spot is large, the beam spot center derivation becomes rough, the beam spot size was reduced as much as possible, by dimming the laser brightness with the ND filters, because the laser power distribution in the spot is a Gaussian. Consequently, the beam spot size became small about 0.2mm as shown below. The spot center was derived in the magnified pictures on the PPT sheet, as the crossing point of the diagonal lines of the ellipse, which is applied to the spot. The center positions were measured up to 0.1mm accuracy, by applying rectangles of 1cm, 1mm, 0.5mm, and 0,25mm, fitting them to the measure scale taken together with the beam spots in the pictures. The measurement accuracy was improved and its drift in 1 hour is up to 0.1mm. Following graph shows the typical beam spot positions at every hour in one day.
4. What Result Tell
This graph shows at 09:00 in December 29 and 30, the Earth was moving from West to East, because the beam spot position went to the West most. At 21:00 on the same day, the beam spot moved to the East most, showing the Earth was moving from East to West. The following figure shows the Earth motion together with the Japan time. This figure is looking at the Earth on December 29, 2023 (winter solstice + 7 days), from the side of the Earth orbiting plane, a little above. The Sun is in the direction rotated by 7 degrees in right-turn. The Earth axis leans 23.4 degrees to left. The leaned ellipse is the trace of Japan in a day. Because the East of Japan at 09:00 is equal to the West of Japan at 21:00, the bold arrow drawn in the Earth orbiting plane from 03:00 to 15:00 of Japan becomes the Earth motion direction. This direction is rotated 45 degrees in the left turn from the line between the Sun and the Galaxy center. In this motion, because the zenith direction of Japan always has a large angle close to 90 degrees against the Earth motion direction, the beam spot will not move up and down. In the observation, the spot position moved down at 20:00 of December 29. However, this motion was not observed in every 10 minutes observation done from 19:00 to 21:00 on the next day. Because Japan Meteorological Agency reported an earthquake on December 29, 20:45 close to the observation site, this motion seems its sign. Consequently, this sample was discarded.
The angle θ of Japanese East/West direction at 9:00 to the Earth orbit plane is calculated by internally dividing the angle 23.4° at 5:30 and 0° at 11:30 with the angle 45°+7°=52° and 45°-7°=38°,
θ=(23.4°×38°+0°×52°)/(52°+38°)=9.88°
Consequently, the Earth motion E and its East/West component Ex have the following relationship.
Ex=Ecosθ=0.985E
From this and the light speed C=300,000km/s, the half of the East-West displacement of the beam spot (Δ=0.8/2mm=0.4mm), and the light path length L=3150mm, the Erath speed E is
E=Ex/cosθ=C×Δ/L/cosθ=300000×0,4/3150/0.985=38.7km/s.
By plotting this motion E=38.7km/s, the Sun's motion S=220km/s, and the Earth orbiting motion V=30km/s, the Galaxy motion speed becomes G =280km/s, shown at the Earth of December 29 in the following right figure. This figure also shows the observed Earth motion E on July 26 and August 10, 2023, together with the Galax motion G, estimated from the Earth motion E. This figure was drawn by the thought, the Solar System is orbiting around the Galaxy center (Sagittarius) with the speed of S=220km/s in left-turn, in the same plane as the Earth and the other planets orbiting planes. Also, it is natural to think the Solar System's orbiting plane is same as the Galaxy rotation plane. Although the estimated Galaxy motion speed G has some variation, its motion direction was always almost opposite to the Solar System's motion S. Consequently, the thought is not contradicted in these observations, to think the Galaxy is orbiting around some orbit center in the north-polar star direction, in the same plane as the Galaxy rotation plane.
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