• Utilized a comprehensive two-phase model to analyze bacterial swarming dynamics on porous substrates.

• Considered cell and aqueous phases, applying the thin-film approximation for colonies with low height compared to radius.

• Predicted swarm height, volume fractions, and surfactant profiles through numerical simulations.

• Accounted for osmotic flow, slip condition, and disjoining pressure, considering substrate wettability.

• Demonstrated that increased substrate wettability accelerates expansion, while higher surface tension redistributes biomass radially, explaining colony pattern instability.

• Investigated bacterial biofilm growth on porous substrates.

• Developed a three-phase model considering cell phase, extracellular matrix (ECM), and nutrient-rich phase.

• Applied 2D axisymmetric model with thin-film approximation for biofilm on porous agar.

• Explored spatiotemporal variations in volume fractions and nutrient concentrations.

• Quantitatively validated model using experimental data, providing insights for controlling biofilm growth.

•The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results.

(Dervaux et al., 2014. Interface Focus. Srinivasan et al., 2018. Biophys J. )

• Constructed cost-effective non-lithographic microchannels using PDMS.

• Investigated hydrodynamics and mass transfer in microchannels for liquid-liquid systems.

• Analyzed the impact of operating parameters on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in micro domains.

• Prepared activated carbon electrode from bilva fruit shell.

• Conducted batch electro-sorption experiments to investigate the impact of pH, time, concentration, and voltage on adsorption.