A high-risk pregnancy is one where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. 

Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as having two or more miscarriages. After three repeated miscarriages, a thorough physical exam and testing are recommended. A small number of women (1%) will have repeated miscarriages.

You will be offered a screening test for Down's syndrome, Edwards' syndrome and Patau's syndrome between 10 and 14 weeks of pregnancy. This is to assess your chances of having a baby with one of these conditions.

Gestational diabetes is diabetes diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy (gestation). Like other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes affects how your cells use sugar (glucose). Gestational diabetes causes high blood sugar that can affect your pregnancy and your baby's health.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a form of high blood pressure in pregnancy. It occurs in about 7 to 10 percent of all pregnancies. Another type of high blood pressure is chronic hypertension - high blood pressure that is present before pregnancy begins.

Your health care provider may recommend a variety of screenings, tests and imaging techniques during your pregnancy. These tests are designed to provide information about the health of your baby and may help you optimize your child’s prenatal care and development.

• Genetic screening can help diagnose the potential for certain genetic disorders before birth.

• First trimester screening is a combination of fetal ultrasound and maternal blood testing. This     screening process can help determine the risk of the fetus having certain birth defects.

• Second trimester prenatal screening may include several blood tests called multiple markers. These markers provide information about the risk of having a baby with certain genetic conditions or birth defects.

• You may have ultrasounds performed at different times in your pregnancy to check for fetal growth, estimate your due date and look for any structural abnormalities in the baby.

• Additional testing during pregnancy may include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetal monitoring, glucose testing and Group B strep culture.

Normal vaginal delivery ( NVD ) is a vaginal delivery, whether or not assisted or induced, usually used in statistics or studies to contrast with a delivery by cesarean section

Painless delivery can be achieved using a form of regional anaesthesia that provides pain relief during natural labour. Epidural anaesthesia is administered through an injection on the lower back of the mother. The drug takes about 10-15 minutes to take effect.

An assisted birth (also known as an instrumental delivery) is when forceps or a ventouse suction cup are used to help deliver the baby. Ventouse and forceps are safe and only used when necessary for you and your baby. Assisted delivery is less common in women who've had a spontaneous vaginal birth before.

Cesarean delivery (C-section) is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. A C-section might be planned ahead of time if you develop pregnancy complications or you've had a previous C-section and aren't considering a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC).

A McDonald cerclage, described in 1957, is the most common, and is essentially a pursestring stitch used to cinch the cervix shut; the cervix stitching involves a band of suture at the upper part of the cervix while the lower part has already started to efface

The Laparoscopic Transabdominal Cerclage (TAC) is a surgical procedure to treat cervical insufficiency. A suture is placed around the cervix at its uppermost part near the transition with the uterine body. 

Hysteroscopic Septal Resection for Septate Uterus. Septate uterus is the term used for uterus which is malformed. In such cases the outside of the uterus may be having no deformity. But inside of the uterus will be divided into two parts.

• Prenatal Bonding

Prenatal Bonding (BA) provides the possibility of creating an intense bonding between mother and baby, of being witness to the development of the fetus in the womb, and of realizing the early growth of his/her personality.

• Diet in pregnancy

During pregnancy, the basic principles of healthy eating remain the same — get plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and healthy fats. However, a few nutrients in a pregnancy diet deserve special attention.

• Prenatal and Postnatal exercises

Antenatal exercises aim at improving the physical and psychological well-being of an expected mother for labor and preventing pregnancy-induced pathologies by various physical means. It generally includes low impact aerobic exercises and stretching exercises.

• Preparation for normal delivery

Wondering how to prepare for "natural birth?" Start by getting a solid prenatal education with classes that include how labor and birth work, as well as natural labor pain management techniques like breathing, self-hypnosis, and relaxation.

• Newborn care and Breastfeeding

Breast milk is quickly digested in a baby's stomach. Therefore, baby needs to breastfeed at least 8-12 times every 24 hours during the first few weeks. Frequent feedings are needed for baby to gain weight and to stimulate your body to produce plenty of milk. Feed your baby at the first signs of hunger.