Mathematical Modelling

A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in applied mathematics and in the natural sciences (physics, biology, earth science, chemistry) and engineering disciplines (computer science, electrical engineering).

Drug Delivery

Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, manufacturing techniques, and technologies involved in transporting a pharmaceutical compound to a target site to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. Principles related to drug preparation, route of administration, site-specific targeting, metabolism, and toxicity are used to optimize efficacy and safety, and to improve patient convenience and compliance.

Electroporation is a biophysical phenomenon resulting in the formation of aqueous pores in the cell membrane made of lipid bilayer. Electroporation is performed by applying an external electric field of sufficient strength. In electroporation, transmembrane potential increases with the application of an electric field, and once the transmembrane potential exceeds it’s critical value, the cell membrane gets permeabilized. This permeabilized membrane is utilized to transport the drug into the intracellular space. Also, electroporation is widely used in biomedicine, biotechnology, food science & technology, and environmental science.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to analyze and solve problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the free-stream flow of the fluid, and the interaction of the fluid with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. With high-speed supercomputers, better solutions can be achieved, and are often required to solve the largest and most complex problems. Ongoing research yields software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios.