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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
By- Dr Fulchan A (D Pharmacy, Pharm. D)
10 Mark Questions for Pharmacotherapeutics
Introduction, Scope, and Objectives
Discuss the historical evolution of pharmacotherapeutics, highlighting key advancements and discoveries that have shaped its current practice.
Explain the scope of pharmacotherapeutics, encompassing its role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.
Rational Use of Medicines
Define rational drug use and discuss the principles that underpin it. Explain the importance of rational drug use in improving patient outcomes and reducing adverse drug reactions.
Critically analyze the factors that contribute to irrational drug use and propose strategies to promote rational drug use in healthcare settings.
Evidence-Based Medicine
Explain the concept of evidence-based medicine and discuss its significance in clinical decision-making. Describe the steps involved in the process of applying evidence-based medicine in practice.
Evaluate the quality and relevance of different types of evidence used in evidence-based medicine. Discuss the challenges and limitations associated with implementing evidence-based medicine.
Essential Medicines List
Define an essential medicines list and explain the criteria used for selecting drugs for inclusion in such a list. Discuss the benefits of using an essential medicines list in healthcare systems.
Analyze the challenges and limitations associated with implementing an essential medicines list in developing countries. Propose strategies to overcome these challenges.
Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs)
Explain the purpose of standard treatment guidelines (STGs) and discuss the key components of a well-developed STG. Describe the benefits of using STGs in clinical practice.
Evaluate the factors that influence the development and implementation of STGs. Discuss the challenges and limitations associated with using STGs in different healthcare settings.
Hypertension
Define hypertension and discuss its prevalence and risk factors.
Explain the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension.
Describe the clinical manifestations of hypertension and its potential complications.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management strategies for hypertension.
Angina and Myocardial Infarction
Differentiate between stable angina and unstable angina, and discuss their clinical features.
Explain the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and its risk factors.
Describe the clinical presentation of myocardial infarction and the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of acute myocardial infarction.
Hyperlipidemia
Define hyperlipidemia and discuss its prevalence and risk factors.
Explain the role of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in cardiovascular disease.
Describe the clinical manifestations of hyperlipidemia and its potential complications.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of hyperlipidemia.
Congestive Heart Failure
Define congestive heart failure and discuss its prevalence and risk factors.
Explain the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure and its classification.
Describe the clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure and its potential complications.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of congestive heart failure.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
2 x 10 =20 Marks
1. Define Congestive heart failure and explain its management.
2. Describe the clinical features, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis. 3. Discuss in detail treatment of Asthma.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
6 x 5 =30 Marks
4. Describe the role of antibiotics and corticosteroids in COPD.
5. Discuss the role of thiazolidinediones in the management of type II diabetes mellitus.
6. Explain the pharmacotherapy of bacterial conjunctivitis.
7. Discuss the various factors to be considered while prescribing the drugs in geriatrics.
8. Explain different pulmonary function tests.
9. Write the management of Hypertensive crisis.
10. Explain signs and symptoms and pharmacotherapy of angina.
11. Explain therapeutic management of myocardial infarction.
SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
12. Mention the importance of essential drug concept.
13. Define nitrate tolerance. How it can be prevented?
14. Define diabetic dyslipidaemiadyslipidemia.
15. Write the difference between Asthma and COPD
16. Define HbA1C.
17. What are the diagnosis parameters of Menopause?
18. Mention the significance of ECG in myocardial infarction.
19. What are the risks associated with valproate treatment in pregnancy?
20. Mention the drugs used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma.
21. What are the general guidelines for rational use of antibiotics?
LONG QUESTION
Classify respiratory tract infections. Explain the management of any three upper respiratory tract infections.
2. Define leukemia. Explain the types of leukemia. Add a note on management of acute lymphocytic leukemia
3. Discuss the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on the dosing regimen for the used in management of AIDS.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
6 x 5 30 Marks
4. Discuss the types and management of ankylosing spondylitis
5. Write the symptoms, management and complications of dengue
6. Give the classification and management of UTI
7. Write a note on renal dialysis
8. Explain the management of multi-drug resistantdrug-resistant tuberculosis
9. Explain management of infective endocarditis
10. Write a note on Herpes Zoster infection.
11. Explain the clinical manifestation and management
SHORT ANSWERS
12. What are the diagnostic tests for malaria
13. Role of Ivermectin in Scabies
14. List the major adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy
15. Define renal reserve
16. Enlist allergens for eczema
17. Role of mannitol in meningitis
18. Give the classification of acute kidney injury
19. Discuss the role of cytokine inhibitors in management of rheumatoid arthritis
20. What are the complications of peritoneal dialysis?
21. List the diagnostic methods for Rheumatoid arthritis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Define Asthma. Explain the triggering factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentations and pharmacotherapy of Asthma. 2. Write the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on dosing regimen for the drugs Used in management of AIDS.
Mention the articular and extra articular manifestations of Rheumatoid arthritis. Explain the role of DMARD in the management of Rheumatoid arthritis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Discuss the general management of Gastroenteritis.
Specify the merits and demerits of Oral contraceptive pills.
Explain different pulmonary function tests.
Discuss the guidelines on pediatric prescribing.
Explain pharmacotherapy approach for glaucoma.
Write a short note on chemotherapy induced emesis om
Explain the role of statins in management it of Hyperlipidemia.
How rational drugs prescribing can be improved?
SHORT ANSWERS
What is Pulse therapy?
Enlist any two drugs used for t of Conjunctivitis with their adverse effects.
What is thyroid storm?
Enlist the prognostic markers of breast cancer.
Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of Eczema.
Enlist the monitoring parameters in Acute kidney disease.
Enlist the dermatologic symptoms of SLE.
Draw a neat labeled diagram of normal ECG. Enlist various intervals and specify what they represent.
Enlist Vaccination recommendations to lymphocytic leukemia patients.
List any four drugs contraindicated for use during pregnancy.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Explain etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of depression.
Discuss about the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and pharmacotherapy of Stroke.
Explain etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management of Crohn’s disease.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain various drug induced liver disorders with an example.
Write the pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of migraine headache.
Explain Heparin induced thrombocytopenia.
Explain the etiology, symptoms and management of Microcytic anemia.
Draft the algorithm for management of Epilepsy.
Explain the Goals and pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Write in detail about non-steroid management. Anti-inflammatory drugs induced peptic ulcer and its
Explain various types of Jaundice.
SHORT ANSWERS
Differentiate between Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
Definition of somnambulism and Nightmares,
Mention any four drugs which cause hemolytic anemia.
Role of disulfiram in alcohol liver disease.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism.
List the adverse effects of phenytoin.
Role of pharmacist in evidence-based medicine therapy.
Mention the grading scales of pain.
Complications of peptic ulcer disease.
First line drugs in treatment of partial seizures.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Define Congestive heart failure and explain its management.
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis.
Discuss in detail treatment of Asthma.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Describe the role of antibiotics and corticosteroids in COPD.
Discuss the role of thiazolidinediones in the management of type II diabetes mellitus.
Explain the pharmacotherapy of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Discuss the various factors to be considered while prescribing the drugs in geriatrics.
Explain different pulmonary function tests.
Write the management of Hypertensive crisis.
Explain signs and symptoms and pharmacotherapy of angina.
Explain therapeutic management of myocardial infarction.
SHORT ANSWERS
Mention the importance of essential drug concept.
Define nitrate tolerance. How it can be prevented?
Define diabetic dyslipidemia.
Write the difference between Asthma and COPD between As
Define HbA1C.
What are the diagnosis parameters of Menopause?
Mention the significance of ECG in myocardial infarction.
What are the risks associated with valproate treatment in pregnancy
Mention the drugs used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma.
What are the general guidelines for rational use of antibiotics?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Classify respiratory tract infections. Explain the management of any three upper respiratory tract infections.
2. Define leukemia. Explain the types of leukemia. Add a note on management of acute lymphocytic
leukemia Discuss the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on the dosing regimen for the used in management of AIDS.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Discuss the types and management of ankylosing spondylitis
5. Write the symptoms, management and complications of dengue.
6.Give the classification and management of UTI
7. Write a note on renal dialysis.
8. Explain the management of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
9. Explain management of infective endocarditis
10. Write a note on Herpes Zoster infection.
11. Explain the clinical manifestation and management com osteoarthritis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. What are the diagnostic tests for malaria
13. Role of Ivermectin in Scabies
14. List the major adverse effects of chemotherapy
15. Define renal reserve.
16. Enlist allergens for eczema
17. Role of mannitol in meningitis.
18. Give the classification of acute kidney injury
19. Discuss the role of cytokine inhibitors in management of rheumatoid arthritis
20. What are the complications of peritoneal dialysis?
21. List the diagnostic methods for Rheumatoid arthritis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Explain the basic principles of chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancer.
2. Explain the pathophysiology and management of AIDS.
3. Describe in detail the Eito-pathogenesis and management of chronic renal failure.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain the pharmacotherapy of gout.
5. Write a note on acute tubular necrosis.
6. Explain management of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and pregnancy.
7. Write the symptoms, management and complications of dengue.
8. Write a note on psoriasis.
9. Write a note on the management of breast cancer
10. Explain DOTS therapy.
11. How do you manage ADRs of cancer therapy
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Write Pharmacotherapy of lymphoid leukemia.
13. Classify syphilis
14. Diagnosis of gastroenteritis
15. Treatment for
16. Drugs for UTI.
17. Write ADR of imatinib
18. Write a note on non-pharmacologic therapy for psoriasis.
19. Name causes and triggers for eczema.
20 Advantages of peritoneal dialysis...
21. What is anticipatory vomiting?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations pharmacotherapy of ALD
Discuss the different types of seizures. Explain pharmacotherapeutic approach to treat epilepsy.
Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and pharmacotherapy of stroke.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain pharmacotherapy of OCD.
Discuss the pathogenesis and the management of Vitamin B12, deficiency anemia.
Discuss the management of various types of pain.
Explain clinical features, diagnosis and stages of Parkinson’s disease
Discuss the different types of Schizophrenia.
Write the etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of DVT.
Write short note of EBM process.
Write a short note on Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
SHORT ANSWERS
Major adverse effects of opioid
Write the differences between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer
Enlist the drugs which
TDM of phenytoin.
Significance of EBM.
Role of dopamine in affective disorders.
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia.
Diagnostic test for Aplastic anemia.
Define Nightmares and it’s causes.
Lithium uses in Mania.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Explain pathogenesis, diagnostic tests and Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus.
Define and classify hypertension according to JNC guidelines. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Essential Hypertension.
Discuss in detail treatment of COPD
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain the clinical presentation and treatment of Osteoporosis
Explain pharmacotherapy of Glaucoma.
Explain the treatment algorithm for Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Explain the principles and goals of drug therapy in Geriatrics.
List out the various Drug Induced Pulmonary Disorders. Explain any two mechanisms.
Write the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for Asthma.
Explain pharmacotherapy of Hyperlipidemias.
Explain in detail about anti-hyperthyroid drugs.
SHORT ANSWERS
Mention the diagnostic tests for Angina
List the risk factors for Congestive Cardiac Failure.
Name any two drugs which are during pregnancy and mention the reason.
List the treatment goals of
Define Thyrotoxicosis.
Mention the drugs which causes Q-T prolongation.
Define HRT and its significance.
Mention the importance of Essential Drug Concept.
Define Rational Drug Use and list out its objectives.
Explain the treatment of Viral Conjunctivitis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Discuss the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on dosing regimen for the Drugs used in the management of AIDS.
2. Explain various considerations in design of chemotherapeutic regimen in management of cancer
Classify respiratory tract infection. Explain the management of acute bronchitis and pneumonia.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain clinical manifestation and management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Write a note on influenza infections
Write a note on the management of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Write a note on drug induced renal failure
Explain modified DUKE criteria for the diagnosis of Endocarditis
9 Give the clinical presentation and management of UTI
10. Give the clinical presentation and management of amoebiasis.
11. Classify syphilis. Write a note on the complications of s Syphilis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. What is Nuchal rigidity?
13. Diagnosis of Scabies
14. Enlist the prognostic markers for breast cancer
15. Discuss the significance of renal function test
16. Name causes and triggers for eczema
17. Classify Otitis media
18. Draw the algorithm for management of hypertension in CRF
19. Enlist the extraarticular features of Rheumatoid Arthritis
20. Name the drugs which affect the renal system
21. What are the risk factors and counselling points for gout
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
Describe the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Explain the basic principles of cancer therapy and discuss the pharmacotherapy of Leukemia,
Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Rheumatoid arthritis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
Explain the pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infection.
Explain the pharmacotherapy of Psoriasis.
Discuss the etiology and pharmacotherapy of Gastroenteritis.
Discuss the management of chronic renal failure
Write a note on protease inhibitors.
Explain the management of Meningitis.
Write a note on drug induced renal
Explain the chemotherapy of breast can
SHORT ANSWERS
Epiglottitis.
Candidiasis.
Mantoux test.
Uremia.
Influenza.
RNTCP
Cholera.
VDRL test.
Kyphosis.
Impetigo.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Classify Anemia. Explain the diagnosis and management of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Megaloblastic Anemia.
2. Explain the symptoms, diagnosis and management of anxiety disorder.
3 Explain pain pathway. Give the general management of Pain.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Explain management of Peptic Ulcer Disease.
5. Explain management of Alzheimer's Disease.
6. Classify Sleep Disorders. Explain management of Narcolepsy.
7. Explain management of Venous Thromboembolism.
8. Explain symptoms and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
9. Explain pharmacist's role in evidence-based medicine.
10. Explain management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
11. Explain management of Viral Hepatitis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Somnambulism define and explain management.
13. Give the formula for calculation of dose of iron in management of iron deficiency anemia.
14. Give the non-pharmacological management of GERD.
16.Name four drugs that cause Thrombocytopenia.
15. Explain Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
17. Name non-invasive tests used in PUD.
18. Give management of post-herpetic neuralgia.
19. List non-pharmacologic management of Depression.
20. Explain role of Aspirin in management of Stroke.
21. List the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Explain pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of essential hypertension.
What is COPD? Explain etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of COPD.
Briefly explain prescribing guidelines in following special populations.
PaediatricsPediatrics (b) Pregnancy and breast feeding
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain different drug induced pulmonary diseases
Management of microalbuminuria and nephropathy in diabetic population
Disorders of thyroid hormone metabolism and its treatment
Oral contraceptives
Pharmacotherapeutic approach to glaucoma
Aerosol therapy for asthma
Pharmacist role in rational drug use
Electrophysiology of arrhythmias
SHORT ANSWERS
Intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs
List of agents and events.
Clinical significance of LDH and creatine kinase
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
Mention four drugs which increase intra ocular pressure.
Causes of hypothyroidism
Cor pulmonale
Angina pectoris
Significance of FBS and HbA1c
Define nitrate tolerance.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the management of HIV and opportunistic infections in HIV.
2. Describe the etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Osteoarthritis.
3. a) Mention the clinical manifestations of Acute and Chronic Leukemias.
b) Describe the treatment protocol for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML).
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Explain the clinical manifestations and management of Infective Bacterial Endocarditis.
5. Explain the management of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
6. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and management of Psoriasis.
7. Along with suitable examples, explain the mechanisms and management of Drug Induced Renal Disorders.
8. Explain the etiopathogenesis of Meningitis and discuss the management of Meningitis.
9. Discuss the management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
10. Explain the management of End Stage Renal Failure.
11. Discuss the management of complicated Urinary tract Infections.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Management of Scabies 13. Management of otitis media
14. Role of corticosteroids in Acute Gouty Arthritis
15. Management of Tuberculosis in liver impairment
16. Management of hyperphosphatemia in Chronic Renal Failure
17. List out the complications of Peritoneal Dialysis.
18. Adverse effects of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARD)
19. List the antibiotics active against Enteric Fever.
20. Management of Nosocomial Pneumonia
21. Management of Atopic Dermatitis
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Discuss the clinical manifestations, etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy associated with congestive cardiac failure.
Describe clinical features, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of type II DM.
3 Explain the role of a pharmacist in essential drug concept and rational drug use.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain the different types of Angina pectoris.
Explain Nitrate tolerance. How it can be prevented?
Explain different type of Arrhythmias.
Write the treatment goals, common stage of COPD. Therapeutic problems and therapeutic options of each
Explain the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.
Explain the pathogenesis and treatment of Hyperthyroidism.
Explain in detail pulmonary function tests.
Explain the therapeutic management of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
SHORT ANSWERS
Define malignant hypertension and its treatment. ...
Diagnosis for Angina pectoris.
Risk factors for congestive cardiac failure.
Differences between bronchitis and emphysema.
Advantages of inhaler medications in asthma over other route of administration.
Enumerate adverse effects of ACE inhibitors.
Write the dosage regimen for any two Statins with their adverse effects.
Dosing schedule and adverse effects for theophylline.
What is the significance of test for Creatine Kinase?
What is Diabetic Neuropathy
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, prevention and management of AIDS.
Explain the principle and procedure involved in different types of dialysis techniques.
Explain the management of chemotherapy induced nausea and emesis in cancerous patients.
Discuss the pharmacotherapy for breast cancer
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
Explain the pharmacotherapy of fungal infections.
Discuss the etiopathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis
Write a note on the management of Gout.
Explain the pharmacotherapy of psoriasis.
Explain the guidelines for the rational use of surgical prophylaxis.
Write a note on drug induced renal failure.
Explain the different types of Eczema.
Describe the pharmacotherapy of Le Leukemia.
SHORT ANSWERS
Otitis media.
Toxoplasmosis.
Impetigo
Dyspepsia.
Renal osteodystrophy.
Shigellosis.
Major side effects of antitubercular drugs.
Shunt meningitis.
CD4 count.
Systemic lupus erythematosus.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Classify Anemia. Explain pathophysiology and management of Thalassemia's.
Classify Headaches. Give the management of Migraine headache.
3 Explain diagnosis, clinical presentation and management of Depression.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Explain management of epilepsy.
Write a note on Sleep Apnea. Explain its management.
Explain pain pathways in detail.
Give the management of Viral Hepatitis.
Enlist the risk factors for Stroke. Add a .com the note
Write a note on the management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Management of ischemic stroke.
List the clinical features of Alzheimer’s disease. Add a note on its pathophysiology.
SHORT ANSWERS
Management of Ascites
List and explain significance of lab tests used in diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Note on heparin use in VTE
Clinical features of Narcolepsy
Explain Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
Name invasive tests used in PUD
WHO Analgesic Ladder
Use of Modafinil in Sleep Disorders
Explain management of Trigeminal Neuralgia.
List the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis
& pharmacotherapy of chronic renal failure.
2. Explain the pathophysiology
& pharmacotherapy of Type II DM.
3 Describe the pathophysiology and management of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Describe the management of nausea
& vomiting in cancer patients.
5. Explain the pharmacotherapy of COPD.
6. Prescribing guidelines of drug for pediatrics.
7. Explain the clinical significance of various renal function tests.
8. Discuss the management of gout.
9. Explain the management of rheumatoid arthritis and mention the role of DMARDs.
10. Describe the pathogenesis and management of fungal infection.
11. Explain the treatment algorithm of acute myocardial infarction.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Explain the types of glaucoma.
13. Adverse effects of methotrexate.
14. List out the various drug induced pulmonary disorders.
15. Risk groups of AIDS.
16. Treatment of Otitis media
17. Diagnosis of syphilis.
18. PUVA therapy
19. Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.
20. Adverse effects of anti-retroviral drugs
21. Classify Angina pectoris.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Enlist various types of sleeping disorders. Describe signs and symptoms, diagnosis and
therapy for narcolepsy.
2. Enlist various types of anaemiaanemia. Describe signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests and therapy
for any two.
3. Discuss the different types of seizures. Explain Pharmacotherapeutic approach to treat
epilepsy.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain signs and symptoms, and treatment of Venous thromboembolism.
5. Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder.
6. Signs, symptoms and pharmacotherapy of ischemic Stroke.
7. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
8. Etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Hepatitis B.
9. Explain any three Drug induced blood disorders.
10. Etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of GERD.
11. Explain the role of Iron and Ascorbic acid in AnaemiaAnemia.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Define Panic attack and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
13. Treatment goals of Peptic ulcer disease.
14. Define “Somnambulism.”
15. Liver-function tests.
16. Mechanism of action of Carbamazepine
17. Symptoms of Depression
18. Explain invasive and noninvasive tests for H. pylori.
19. Treatment options of Migraine headache.
20. Nightmares and its causes.
21. What is EBM?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Enlist Drug induced pulmonary diseases. Explain the mechanism and management of any
three.
2. Explain pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis and management of Type-II Diabetes
Mellitus.
3. What is hyperlipidemia? Explain the pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic tests
and pharmacotherapeutic approach for hyperlipidemia.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Role of bronchodilators in asthma and COPD
5. Pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
6. Explain different Pulmonary function tests
7. Pharmacotherapy of Myocardial infarction
8. Glaucoma and its treatment
9. Prescribing guidelines for geriatric patients
10. Risk factors and treatment of osteoporosis
11. Clinical presentation and management of hyperthyroidism
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Define essential drug concept
13. Types of conjunctivitis
14. Advantages of oral contraceptives
15. Treatment goals of COPD
16. JNC VII classification of hypertension
17. Mention the side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs.
18. Mention four drugs that cause QT prolongation.
19. Orthostatic hypotension
20. Grave’s disease
21. Classify Hyper-Lipoproteinemia.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of HIV infections.
2. What are the general guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics? Role of pharmacist in rational drug use
3. Outline the basic principles of cancer therapy.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Write a note on drug induced renal disorder.
5. Discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of endocarditis.
6. Classification and management of tuberculosis.
7. Discuss the management of breast cancer.
8. Write a note on pathogenesis and management of acute renal failure.
9. Discuss pathophysiology and management of gout.
10. Discuss the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
11. Write a note on renal dialysis.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. DOT’s regimen
13. Management of UTI
14. Management of fungal infection
15. Classify, signs and symptoms of meningitis.
16. Diagnosis of chronic renal failure
17. Management of psoriasis
18. Otitis media treatment
19. Pharmacotherapy of septicemia
20. Clinical manifestation of eczema
21. Treatment of impetigo
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Describe the causative organisms, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment for Pneumonia.
2. Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Rheumatoid arthritis.
3. Describe the general principles of cancer chemotherapy. Explain the etiology and management of breast cancer.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain the etiology and treatment of acute renal failure.
5. Explain the pharmacotherapy of Malaria.
6. Write a note on Systemic lupus erythematosus.
7. Write a note on impact of HAART on Infections. opportunistiopportunistic
8. Explain the pharmacotherapy of Eczema.
9. Explain the management of viral
10. Discuss the treatment of cuberculosistuberculosis special population/circumstances.
11. Write a note on drug induced renal failure.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Sinusitis.
13. Name the drugs used for herpes virus infection
14. Spondylitis
15. Dysentery.
16. Sore throat.
17. BCG vaccine.
18. DOTs therapy.
19. Name any four drugs that induces haemolytichemolytic anaemiaanemia
20. Impetigo.
21. Endocarditis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Define Schizophrenia. Explain in detail etiopathogenesis, sign and symptoms, Diagnosis and management of schizophrenia.
2.
Explain in detail etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management of Hepatitis B.
Add a note on preventive measures for hepatitis.
3 Define and Classify anaemiaanemia, Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis', clinical presentation and management of Thalassemia.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
6 x 5 = 30 Marks
Define EBM, explain in detail five step EBM model.
5. Explain pharmacotherapy of insomnia.
6. Explain Pain pathway in detail.
7. Etiology and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
8. Explain the mechanisms of drug induced blood disorders with examples for each.
9. Drug induced liver disorders.
10. Pharmacotherapy of Inflammatory disease.
11. Pathogenesis and of ischemic stroke.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Neuralgia.
13. Types of jaundice.
14. Pharmacotherapy of alcoholic liver disease.
15. Define narcolepsy.
16. Classify of seizure disorders.
17. Staging of Parkinson's disease.
18. Extra pyramidal side effects of antipsychotic Drugs.
19. Clinical presentation of Cirrhosis.
20. ErradicationEradications regimen for H.PyloriPylori.
21. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Discuss the general principles of cancer therapy.
2. Describe the aetiologyetiology, clinical manifestation and pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infections.
3. Explain the aetiologyetiology, clinical manifestation and management of angina pectoris.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
6 x 5 = 30 Marks
4. Discuss the management of gout.
5. Discuss the pathogenesis and chemotherapy of breast cancer.
6. Note on aetiologyetiology and pharmacotherapy of asthma.
7. Write a note on insulin preparations.
8. Discuss the general prescribing guidelines for geriatric patients.
9. Explain the pathogenesis and management of different types of glaucoma.
10. Enumerate the role of pharmacist in rational drug use.
11. Mention the role of DMARDs in the Management of rheumatoid arthritis.
SHORT ANSWERS
10 x 2 = 20 Marks
13. Explain the clinical manifestations of psoriasis. Power.FirstPa
12. Enumerate the clinical signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus.
14. Illustrate the mechanism of anticancer drugs induced emesis.
15. Significance of renal dialysis.
16. Name four diseases that are produced by candida.
17. Major adverse effects of thiazolidinediones.
18. Adverse effects of antithyroid drugs.
19. Outline treatment protocol for chronic renal failure.
20. Define kyphosis
21. Enumerate the risk factors of gout.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the electrophysiology of heart and add
a note on the pathophysiology of cardiac arrythmias.
2. Write the management of asthma along with its treatment algorithm.
3 Explain the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of osteoporosis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Explain the complications of hypertension along with its treatment.
5. Write the differences between type I and type II diabetes mellitus.
6. Write the pathophysiology of congestive cardiac failure and its treatment.
7. Explain the guidelines for prescribing in pediatric patients.
8. Explain the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones and add
a note on their functions.
9. Explain the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia and its treatment.
10. Write the etiopathogenesis of COPD.
11. Explain briefly the types of angina pectoris.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Define hormone replacement therapy and write its importance.
13. Write the side effects of statins.
14. Explain any four drugfour-drug induced pulmonary diseases.
15. What are the types and their clinical features of diabetes mellitus?
16. Explain the pharmacotherapy of myocardial infarction.
17. Define rational drug used and essential drug concept.
18. Define pseudohypertensionpseudo hypertension and emergency hypertension.
19. Write the side effects of ACE inhibitors.
20. Write
a note on insulins.
21. Explain the treatment of conjunctivitis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of tuberculosis
2. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and management of gastroenteritis.
3. Outline the basic principles of cancer therapy
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Write about etiology and treatment of impetigo
5. Enlist the guidelines for surgical prophylaxis of antibiotics.
6. Write a note on drug induced renal disorders.
7. Discuss the etiology and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis
8. Discuss the mechanism of action and adverse effects of any two anti-HIV drugs
9. Write a note on pathogenesis and management of chronic renal failure
10. Enumerate the reasons for opportunistic infections and how they can be combated? stic
11. Discuss the mechanism of chemotherapeutic drugs-induced nausea and emesis
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Mechanism of action of artemether
13. Mention the anti-retroviral regimen for pregnant women
14. Etiology of psoriasis
15. Mention two drugs useful in septicemia
16. Give two examples for drug interactions of antifungal agents.
17. Mechanism of action of ondansetron
18. Name two drugs useful in bacterial endocarditis with their rationality
19. Enumerate the merits of surgery in breast cancer
20 Signs and symptoms of tubercular meningitis
21. Laboratory investigations for SLE
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Explain the role of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTs) in the management of HIV infections
2. Discuss the basic principles of cancer chemotherapy. Explain the pharmacotherapy of breast cancer
3. Describe various dialysis techniques used in the management of acute renal failure
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain clinical manifestations of Gonorrhea and syphilis
5. Write a note on drug induced renal failure
6. Explain the algorithm for management of Rheumatoid arthritis
7. Describe the symptoms and management of bacterial septicemia
8. Discuss the role of mannitol in Meningitis
9. Explain the clinical presentation and treatment of superficial Candida infections
10. Explain the general guidelines for selection of appropriate antibiotic for an infection
11. Explain the WHO regimen for Tuberculosis
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Enumerate the abnormal findings of cerebroCerebro spinal fluid in meningitis
13. Explain the role of macrolides in lower respiratory tract infections
14. Illustrate the algorithm for DOTS therapy for tuberculosis
15. List out the complications of peritoneal dialysis
16. Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of eczema
17. Mention any two drugs that can cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
18. Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of spondylitis
19. Enumerate the common causes of protozoal infection
20 Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of scabies
21. How chondroprotective agents are helpful in the management of osteoarthritis?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Discuss the different types of seizures. Pharmacotherapeutic approach to treat epilepsy
2. Classify sleep disorders. Explain insomnia and pharmacotherapy of insomnia in detail
3 Define aplastic anemia. Explain causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of aplastic anemia
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Clinical features and diagnosis, including stages of Parkinsons disease
5. Etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of GERD
6. Explain the role of Iron and Ascorbic acid in AnaemiaAnamia
7. Explain pharmacotherapy of ulcerative colitis
8. Diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver
9. Explain signs and symptoms, and venous thromboembolism treatmentreatment.
10.Explain etiology and pathogenesis of stroke www.Firser.com
11.Write the signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of jaundice
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Evidence based medicine
13. Definition of somnambulism
14. Treatment goals for peptic ulcer disease
15. Define panic attack and obsessive-compulsive disorder
16. Liver function tests
17. What is cirrhosis of liver
18. Symptoms of depression
19.Nonpharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorder
20. Classification of stroke
21. Diagnosis of Epilepsy
LONG ESSAYS
2 x 10 20 Marks
1. Explain the pathogenesis of HIV infection and list out the different classes of antiviral agents used for its managements
2. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of acute renal failure
3. Mention various clinical forms of Tuberculosis and explain the management
SHORT ESSAYS
6 x 5 = 30 Marks
4. What are the general guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics?
5. Describe the management of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.
6. Discuss the pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis
7. Explain the therapeutic management of fungal infections
8. Write briefly on the pathogenesis and management of Meningitis
9. Describe the pathogenesis and chemotherapy of leukemia
10. Discuss the lifecycle of malarial parasite
11. Enumerate the difference between the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Diagnosis of syphilis
13. Treatment of eczema
14. Impetigo
15. Risk groups of AIDS
16. Pathophysiology of gout
17. List out the drug induced renal disorders
18. Treatment of otitis media
19. Cryptococcosis
20. Renal dialysis & its types
21. Name four drugs for the treatment of Psoriasis
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
By- Dr Fulchan A
10 Mark Questions for Pharmacotherapeutics
Introduction, Scope, and Objectives
Discuss the historical evolution of pharmacotherapeutics, highlighting key advancements and discoveries that have shaped its current practice.
Explain the scope of pharmacotherapeutics, encompassing its role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.
Rational Use of Medicines
Define rational drug use and discuss the principles that underpin it. Explain the importance of rational drug use in improving patient outcomes and reducing adverse drug reactions.
Critically analyze the factors that contribute to irrational drug use and propose strategies to promote rational drug use in healthcare settings.
Evidence-Based Medicine
Explain the concept of evidence-based medicine and discuss its significance in clinical decision-making. Describe the steps involved in the process of applying evidence-based medicine in practice.
Evaluate the quality and relevance of different types of evidence used in evidence-based medicine. Discuss the challenges and limitations associated with implementing evidence-based medicine.
Essential Medicines List
Define an essential medicines list and explain the criteria used for selecting drugs for inclusion in such a list. Discuss the benefits of using an essential medicines list in healthcare systems.
Analyze the challenges and limitations associated with implementing an essential medicines list in developing countries. Propose strategies to overcome these challenges.
Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs)
Explain the purpose of standard treatment guidelines (STGs) and discuss the key components of a well-developed STG. Describe the benefits of using STGs in clinical practice.
Evaluate the factors that influence the development and implementation of STGs. Discuss the challenges and limitations associated with using STGs in different healthcare settings.
Hypertension
Define hypertension and discuss its prevalence and risk factors.
Explain the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension.
Describe the clinical manifestations of hypertension and its potential complications.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management strategies for hypertension.
Angina and Myocardial Infarction
Differentiate between stable angina and unstable angina, and discuss their clinical features.
Explain the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and its risk factors.
Describe the clinical presentation of myocardial infarction and the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of acute myocardial infarction.
Hyperlipidemia
Define hyperlipidemia and discuss its prevalence and risk factors.
Explain the role of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in cardiovascular disease.
Describe the clinical manifestations of hyperlipidemia and its potential complications.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of hyperlipidemia.
Congestive Heart Failure
Define congestive heart failure and discuss its prevalence and risk factors.
Explain the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure and its classification.
Describe the clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure and its potential complications.
Outline the nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of congestive heart failure.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
2 x 10 =20 Marks
1. Define Congestive heart failure and explain its management.
2. Describe the clinical features, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis. 3. Discuss in detail treatment of Asthma.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
6 x 5 =30 Marks
4. Describe the role of antibiotics and corticosteroids in COPD.
5. Discuss the role of thiazolidinediones in the management of type II diabetes mellitus.
6. Explain the pharmacotherapy of bacterial conjunctivitis.
7. Discuss the various factors to be considered while prescribing the drugs in geriatrics.
8. Explain different pulmonary function tests.
9. Write the management of Hypertensive crisis.
10. Explain signs and symptoms and pharmacotherapy of angina.
11. Explain therapeutic management of myocardial infarction.
SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
12. Mention the importance of essential drug concept.
13. Define nitrate tolerance. How it can be prevented?
14. Define diabetic dyslipidaemiadyslipidemia.
15. Write the difference between Asthma and COPD
16. Define HbA1C.
17. What are the diagnosis parameters of Menopause?
18. Mention the significance of ECG in myocardial infarction.
19. What are the risks associated with valproate treatment in pregnancy?
20. Mention the drugs used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma.
21. What are the general guidelines for rational use of antibiotics?
LONG QUESTION
Classify respiratory tract infections. Explain the management of any three upper respiratory tract infections.
2. Define leukemia. Explain the types of leukemia. Add a note on management of acute lymphocytic leukemia
3. Discuss the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on the dosing regimen for the used in management of AIDS.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
6 x 5 30 Marks
4. Discuss the types and management of ankylosing spondylitis
5. Write the symptoms, management and complications of dengue
6. Give the classification and management of UTI
7. Write a note on renal dialysis
8. Explain the management of multi-drug resistantdrug-resistant tuberculosis
9. Explain management of infective endocarditis
10. Write a note on Herpes Zoster infection.
11. Explain the clinical manifestation and management
SHORT ANSWERS
12. What are the diagnostic tests for malaria
13. Role of Ivermectin in Scabies
14. List the major adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy
15. Define renal reserve
16. Enlist allergens for eczema
17. Role of mannitol in meningitis
18. Give the classification of acute kidney injury
19. Discuss the role of cytokine inhibitors in management of rheumatoid arthritis
20. What are the complications of peritoneal dialysis?
21. List the diagnostic methods for Rheumatoid arthritis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Define Asthma. Explain the triggering factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentations and pharmacotherapy of Asthma. 2. Write the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on dosing regimen for the drugs Used in management of AIDS.
Mention the articular and extra articular manifestations of Rheumatoid arthritis. Explain the role of DMARD in the management of Rheumatoid arthritis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Discuss the general management of Gastroenteritis.
Specify the merits and demerits of Oral contraceptive pills.
Explain different pulmonary function tests.
Discuss the guidelines on pediatric prescribing.
Explain pharmacotherapy approach for glaucoma.
Write a short note on chemotherapy induced emesis om
Explain the role of statins in management it of Hyperlipidemia.
How rational drugs prescribing can be improved?
SHORT ANSWERS
What is Pulse therapy?
Enlist any two drugs used for t of Conjunctivitis with their adverse effects.
What is thyroid storm?
Enlist the prognostic markers of breast cancer.
Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of Eczema.
Enlist the monitoring parameters in Acute kidney disease.
Enlist the dermatologic symptoms of SLE.
Draw a neat labeled diagram of normal ECG. Enlist various intervals and specify what they represent.
Enlist Vaccination recommendations to lymphocytic leukemia patients.
List any four drugs contraindicated for use during pregnancy.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Explain etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of depression.
Discuss about the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and pharmacotherapy of Stroke.
Explain etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management of Crohn’s disease.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain various drug induced liver disorders with an example.
Write the pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of migraine headache.
Explain Heparin induced thrombocytopenia.
Explain the etiology, symptoms and management of Microcytic anemia.
Draft the algorithm for management of Epilepsy.
Explain the Goals and pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Write in detail about non-steroid management. Anti-inflammatory drugs induced peptic ulcer and its
Explain various types of Jaundice.
SHORT ANSWERS
Differentiate between Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
Definition of somnambulism and Nightmares,
Mention any four drugs which cause hemolytic anemia.
Role of disulfiram in alcohol liver disease.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism.
List the adverse effects of phenytoin.
Role of pharmacist in evidence-based medicine therapy.
Mention the grading scales of pain.
Complications of peptic ulcer disease.
First line drugs in treatment of partial seizures.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Define Congestive heart failure and explain its management.
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis.
Discuss in detail treatment of Asthma.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Describe the role of antibiotics and corticosteroids in COPD.
Discuss the role of thiazolidinediones in the management of type II diabetes mellitus.
Explain the pharmacotherapy of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Discuss the various factors to be considered while prescribing the drugs in geriatrics.
Explain different pulmonary function tests.
Write the management of Hypertensive crisis.
Explain signs and symptoms and pharmacotherapy of angina.
Explain therapeutic management of myocardial infarction.
SHORT ANSWERS
Mention the importance of essential drug concept.
Define nitrate tolerance. How it can be prevented?
Define diabetic dyslipidemia.
Write the difference between Asthma and COPD between As
Define HbA1C.
What are the diagnosis parameters of Menopause?
Mention the significance of ECG in myocardial infarction.
What are the risks associated with valproate treatment in pregnancy
Mention the drugs used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma.
What are the general guidelines for rational use of antibiotics?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Classify respiratory tract infections. Explain the management of any three upper respiratory tract infections.
2. Define leukemia. Explain the types of leukemia. Add a note on management of acute lymphocytic
leukemia Discuss the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on the dosing regimen for the used in management of AIDS.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Discuss the types and management of ankylosing spondylitis
5. Write the symptoms, management and complications of dengue.
6.Give the classification and management of UTI
7. Write a note on renal dialysis.
8. Explain the management of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
9. Explain management of infective endocarditis
10. Write a note on Herpes Zoster infection.
11. Explain the clinical manifestation and management com osteoarthritis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. What are the diagnostic tests for malaria
13. Role of Ivermectin in Scabies
14. List the major adverse effects of chemotherapy
15. Define renal reserve.
16. Enlist allergens for eczema
17. Role of mannitol in meningitis.
18. Give the classification of acute kidney injury
19. Discuss the role of cytokine inhibitors in management of rheumatoid arthritis
20. What are the complications of peritoneal dialysis?
21. List the diagnostic methods for Rheumatoid arthritis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Explain the basic principles of chemotherapeutic agents used in the management of cancer.
2. Explain the pathophysiology and management of AIDS.
3. Describe in detail the Eito-pathogenesis and management of chronic renal failure.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain the pharmacotherapy of gout.
5. Write a note on acute tubular necrosis.
6. Explain management of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and pregnancy.
7. Write the symptoms, management and complications of dengue.
8. Write a note on psoriasis.
9. Write a note on the management of breast cancer
10. Explain DOTS therapy.
11. How do you manage ADRs of cancer therapy
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Write Pharmacotherapy of lymphoid leukemia.
13. Classify syphilis
14. Diagnosis of gastroenteritis
15. Treatment for
16. Drugs for UTI.
17. Write ADR of imatinib
18. Write a note on non-pharmacologic therapy for psoriasis.
19. Name causes and triggers for eczema.
20 Advantages of peritoneal dialysis...
21. What is anticipatory vomiting?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations pharmacotherapy of ALD
Discuss the different types of seizures. Explain pharmacotherapeutic approach to treat epilepsy.
Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and pharmacotherapy of stroke.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain pharmacotherapy of OCD.
Discuss the pathogenesis and the management of Vitamin B12, deficiency anemia.
Discuss the management of various types of pain.
Explain clinical features, diagnosis and stages of Parkinson’s disease
Discuss the different types of Schizophrenia.
Write the etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of DVT.
Write short note of EBM process.
Write a short note on Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
SHORT ANSWERS
Major adverse effects of opioid
Write the differences between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer
Enlist the drugs which
TDM of phenytoin.
Significance of EBM.
Role of dopamine in affective disorders.
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia.
Diagnostic test for Aplastic anemia.
Define Nightmares and it’s causes.
Lithium uses in Mania.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Explain pathogenesis, diagnostic tests and Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus.
Define and classify hypertension according to JNC guidelines. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Essential Hypertension.
Discuss in detail treatment of COPD
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain the clinical presentation and treatment of Osteoporosis
Explain pharmacotherapy of Glaucoma.
Explain the treatment algorithm for Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Explain the principles and goals of drug therapy in Geriatrics.
List out the various Drug Induced Pulmonary Disorders. Explain any two mechanisms.
Write the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for Asthma.
Explain pharmacotherapy of Hyperlipidemias.
Explain in detail about anti-hyperthyroid drugs.
SHORT ANSWERS
Mention the diagnostic tests for Angina
List the risk factors for Congestive Cardiac Failure.
Name any two drugs which are during pregnancy and mention the reason.
List the treatment goals of
Define Thyrotoxicosis.
Mention the drugs which causes Q-T prolongation.
Define HRT and its significance.
Mention the importance of Essential Drug Concept.
Define Rational Drug Use and list out its objectives.
Explain the treatment of Viral Conjunctivitis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Discuss the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on dosing regimen for the Drugs used in the management of AIDS.
2. Explain various considerations in design of chemotherapeutic regimen in management of cancer
Classify respiratory tract infection. Explain the management of acute bronchitis and pneumonia.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain clinical manifestation and management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Write a note on influenza infections
Write a note on the management of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Write a note on drug induced renal failure
Explain modified DUKE criteria for the diagnosis of Endocarditis
9 Give the clinical presentation and management of UTI
10. Give the clinical presentation and management of amoebiasis.
11. Classify syphilis. Write a note on the complications of s Syphilis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. What is Nuchal rigidity?
13. Diagnosis of Scabies
14. Enlist the prognostic markers for breast cancer
15. Discuss the significance of renal function test
16. Name causes and triggers for eczema
17. Classify Otitis media
18. Draw the algorithm for management of hypertension in CRF
19. Enlist the extraarticular features of Rheumatoid Arthritis
20. Name the drugs which affect the renal system
21. What are the risk factors and counselling points for gout
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
Describe the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Explain the basic principles of cancer therapy and discuss the pharmacotherapy of Leukemia,
Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Rheumatoid arthritis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
Explain the pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infection.
Explain the pharmacotherapy of Psoriasis.
Discuss the etiology and pharmacotherapy of Gastroenteritis.
Discuss the management of chronic renal failure
Write a note on protease inhibitors.
Explain the management of Meningitis.
Write a note on drug induced renal
Explain the chemotherapy of breast can
SHORT ANSWERS
Epiglottitis.
Candidiasis.
Mantoux test.
Uremia.
Influenza.
RNTCP
Cholera.
VDRL test.
Kyphosis.
Impetigo.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Classify Anemia. Explain the diagnosis and management of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Megaloblastic Anemia.
2. Explain the symptoms, diagnosis and management of anxiety disorder.
3 Explain pain pathway. Give the general management of Pain.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Explain management of Peptic Ulcer Disease.
5. Explain management of Alzheimer's Disease.
6. Classify Sleep Disorders. Explain management of Narcolepsy.
7. Explain management of Venous Thromboembolism.
8. Explain symptoms and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
9. Explain pharmacist's role in evidence-based medicine.
10. Explain management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
11. Explain management of Viral Hepatitis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Somnambulism define and explain management.
13. Give the formula for calculation of dose of iron in management of iron deficiency anemia.
14. Give the non-pharmacological management of GERD.
16.Name four drugs that cause Thrombocytopenia.
15. Explain Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
17. Name non-invasive tests used in PUD.
18. Give management of post-herpetic neuralgia.
19. List non-pharmacologic management of Depression.
20. Explain role of Aspirin in management of Stroke.
21. List the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Explain pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of essential hypertension.
What is COPD? Explain etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of COPD.
Briefly explain prescribing guidelines in following special populations.
PaediatricsPediatrics (b) Pregnancy and breast feeding
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain different drug induced pulmonary diseases
Management of microalbuminuria and nephropathy in diabetic population
Disorders of thyroid hormone metabolism and its treatment
Oral contraceptives
Pharmacotherapeutic approach to glaucoma
Aerosol therapy for asthma
Pharmacist role in rational drug use
Electrophysiology of arrhythmias
SHORT ANSWERS
Intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs
List of agents and events.
Clinical significance of LDH and creatine kinase
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
Mention four drugs which increase intra ocular pressure.
Causes of hypothyroidism
Cor pulmonale
Angina pectoris
Significance of FBS and HbA1c
Define nitrate tolerance.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the management of HIV and opportunistic infections in HIV.
2. Describe the etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Osteoarthritis.
3. a) Mention the clinical manifestations of Acute and Chronic Leukemias.
b) Describe the treatment protocol for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML).
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Explain the clinical manifestations and management of Infective Bacterial Endocarditis.
5. Explain the management of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
6. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and management of Psoriasis.
7. Along with suitable examples, explain the mechanisms and management of Drug Induced Renal Disorders.
8. Explain the etiopathogenesis of Meningitis and discuss the management of Meningitis.
9. Discuss the management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
10. Explain the management of End Stage Renal Failure.
11. Discuss the management of complicated Urinary tract Infections.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Management of Scabies 13. Management of otitis media
14. Role of corticosteroids in Acute Gouty Arthritis
15. Management of Tuberculosis in liver impairment
16. Management of hyperphosphatemia in Chronic Renal Failure
17. List out the complications of Peritoneal Dialysis.
18. Adverse effects of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARD)
19. List the antibiotics active against Enteric Fever.
20. Management of Nosocomial Pneumonia
21. Management of Atopic Dermatitis
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Discuss the clinical manifestations, etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy associated with congestive cardiac failure.
Describe clinical features, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of type II DM.
3 Explain the role of a pharmacist in essential drug concept and rational drug use.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain the different types of Angina pectoris.
Explain Nitrate tolerance. How it can be prevented?
Explain different type of Arrhythmias.
Write the treatment goals, common stage of COPD. Therapeutic problems and therapeutic options of each
Explain the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.
Explain the pathogenesis and treatment of Hyperthyroidism.
Explain in detail pulmonary function tests.
Explain the therapeutic management of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
SHORT ANSWERS
Define malignant hypertension and its treatment. ...
Diagnosis for Angina pectoris.
Risk factors for congestive cardiac failure.
Differences between bronchitis and emphysema.
Advantages of inhaler medications in asthma over other route of administration.
Enumerate adverse effects of ACE inhibitors.
Write the dosage regimen for any two Statins with their adverse effects.
Dosing schedule and adverse effects for theophylline.
What is the significance of test for Creatine Kinase?
What is Diabetic Neuropathy
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, prevention and management of AIDS.
Explain the principle and procedure involved in different types of dialysis techniques.
Explain the management of chemotherapy induced nausea and emesis in cancerous patients.
Discuss the pharmacotherapy for breast cancer
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
Explain the pharmacotherapy of fungal infections.
Discuss the etiopathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis
Write a note on the management of Gout.
Explain the pharmacotherapy of psoriasis.
Explain the guidelines for the rational use of surgical prophylaxis.
Write a note on drug induced renal failure.
Explain the different types of Eczema.
Describe the pharmacotherapy of Le Leukemia.
SHORT ANSWERS
Otitis media.
Toxoplasmosis.
Impetigo
Dyspepsia.
Renal osteodystrophy.
Shigellosis.
Major side effects of antitubercular drugs.
Shunt meningitis.
CD4 count.
Systemic lupus erythematosus.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
Classify Anemia. Explain pathophysiology and management of Thalassemia's.
Classify Headaches. Give the management of Migraine headache.
3 Explain diagnosis, clinical presentation and management of Depression.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
Explain management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Explain management of epilepsy.
Write a note on Sleep Apnea. Explain its management.
Explain pain pathways in detail.
Give the management of Viral Hepatitis.
Enlist the risk factors for Stroke. Add a .com the note
Write a note on the management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Management of ischemic stroke.
List the clinical features of Alzheimer’s disease. Add a note on its pathophysiology.
SHORT ANSWERS
Management of Ascites
List and explain significance of lab tests used in diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Note on heparin use in VTE
Clinical features of Narcolepsy
Explain Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
Name invasive tests used in PUD
WHO Analgesic Ladder
Use of Modafinil in Sleep Disorders
Explain management of Trigeminal Neuralgia.
List the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis
& pharmacotherapy of chronic renal failure.
2. Explain the pathophysiology
& pharmacotherapy of Type II DM.
3 Describe the pathophysiology and management of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Describe the management of nausea
& vomiting in cancer patients.
5. Explain the pharmacotherapy of COPD.
6. Prescribing guidelines of drug for pediatrics.
7. Explain the clinical significance of various renal function tests.
8. Discuss the management of gout.
9. Explain the management of rheumatoid arthritis and mention the role of DMARDs.
10. Describe the pathogenesis and management of fungal infection.
11. Explain the treatment algorithm of acute myocardial infarction.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Explain the types of glaucoma.
13. Adverse effects of methotrexate.
14. List out the various drug induced pulmonary disorders.
15. Risk groups of AIDS.
16. Treatment of Otitis media
17. Diagnosis of syphilis.
18. PUVA therapy
19. Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.
20. Adverse effects of anti-retroviral drugs
21. Classify Angina pectoris.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Enlist various types of sleeping disorders. Describe signs and symptoms, diagnosis and
therapy for narcolepsy.
2. Enlist various types of anaemiaanemia. Describe signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests and therapy
for any two.
3. Discuss the different types of seizures. Explain Pharmacotherapeutic approach to treat
epilepsy.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain signs and symptoms, and treatment of Venous thromboembolism.
5. Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder.
6. Signs, symptoms and pharmacotherapy of ischemic Stroke.
7. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
8. Etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of Hepatitis B.
9. Explain any three Drug induced blood disorders.
10. Etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of GERD.
11. Explain the role of Iron and Ascorbic acid in AnaemiaAnemia.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Define Panic attack and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
13. Treatment goals of Peptic ulcer disease.
14. Define “Somnambulism.”
15. Liver-function tests.
16. Mechanism of action of Carbamazepine
17. Symptoms of Depression
18. Explain invasive and noninvasive tests for H. pylori.
19. Treatment options of Migraine headache.
20. Nightmares and its causes.
21. What is EBM?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Enlist Drug induced pulmonary diseases. Explain the mechanism and management of any
three.
2. Explain pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis and management of Type-II Diabetes
Mellitus.
3. What is hyperlipidemia? Explain the pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic tests
and pharmacotherapeutic approach for hyperlipidemia.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Role of bronchodilators in asthma and COPD
5. Pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
6. Explain different Pulmonary function tests
7. Pharmacotherapy of Myocardial infarction
8. Glaucoma and its treatment
9. Prescribing guidelines for geriatric patients
10. Risk factors and treatment of osteoporosis
11. Clinical presentation and management of hyperthyroidism
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Define essential drug concept
13. Types of conjunctivitis
14. Advantages of oral contraceptives
15. Treatment goals of COPD
16. JNC VII classification of hypertension
17. Mention the side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs.
18. Mention four drugs that cause QT prolongation.
19. Orthostatic hypotension
20. Grave’s disease
21. Classify Hyper-Lipoproteinemia.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of HIV infections.
2. What are the general guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics? Role of pharmacist in rational drug use
3. Outline the basic principles of cancer therapy.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Write a note on drug induced renal disorder.
5. Discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of endocarditis.
6. Classification and management of tuberculosis.
7. Discuss the management of breast cancer.
8. Write a note on pathogenesis and management of acute renal failure.
9. Discuss pathophysiology and management of gout.
10. Discuss the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
11. Write a note on renal dialysis.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. DOT’s regimen
13. Management of UTI
14. Management of fungal infection
15. Classify, signs and symptoms of meningitis.
16. Diagnosis of chronic renal failure
17. Management of psoriasis
18. Otitis media treatment
19. Pharmacotherapy of septicemia
20. Clinical manifestation of eczema
21. Treatment of impetigo
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Describe the causative organisms, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment for Pneumonia.
2. Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Rheumatoid arthritis.
3. Describe the general principles of cancer chemotherapy. Explain the etiology and management of breast cancer.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain the etiology and treatment of acute renal failure.
5. Explain the pharmacotherapy of Malaria.
6. Write a note on Systemic lupus erythematosus.
7. Write a note on impact of HAART on Infections. opportunistiopportunistic
8. Explain the pharmacotherapy of Eczema.
9. Explain the management of viral
10. Discuss the treatment of cuberculosistuberculosis special population/circumstances.
11. Write a note on drug induced renal failure.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Sinusitis.
13. Name the drugs used for herpes virus infection
14. Spondylitis
15. Dysentery.
16. Sore throat.
17. BCG vaccine.
18. DOTs therapy.
19. Name any four drugs that induces haemolytichemolytic anaemiaanemia
20. Impetigo.
21. Endocarditis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Define Schizophrenia. Explain in detail etiopathogenesis, sign and symptoms, Diagnosis and management of schizophrenia.
2.
Explain in detail etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management of Hepatitis B.
Add a note on preventive measures for hepatitis.
3 Define and Classify anaemiaanemia, Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis', clinical presentation and management of Thalassemia.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
6 x 5 = 30 Marks
Define EBM, explain in detail five step EBM model.
5. Explain pharmacotherapy of insomnia.
6. Explain Pain pathway in detail.
7. Etiology and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
8. Explain the mechanisms of drug induced blood disorders with examples for each.
9. Drug induced liver disorders.
10. Pharmacotherapy of Inflammatory disease.
11. Pathogenesis and of ischemic stroke.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Neuralgia.
13. Types of jaundice.
14. Pharmacotherapy of alcoholic liver disease.
15. Define narcolepsy.
16. Classify of seizure disorders.
17. Staging of Parkinson's disease.
18. Extra pyramidal side effects of antipsychotic Drugs.
19. Clinical presentation of Cirrhosis.
20. ErradicationEradications regimen for H.PyloriPylori.
21. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Discuss the general principles of cancer therapy.
2. Describe the aetiologyetiology, clinical manifestation and pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infections.
3. Explain the aetiologyetiology, clinical manifestation and management of angina pectoris.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
6 x 5 = 30 Marks
4. Discuss the management of gout.
5. Discuss the pathogenesis and chemotherapy of breast cancer.
6. Note on aetiologyetiology and pharmacotherapy of asthma.
7. Write a note on insulin preparations.
8. Discuss the general prescribing guidelines for geriatric patients.
9. Explain the pathogenesis and management of different types of glaucoma.
10. Enumerate the role of pharmacist in rational drug use.
11. Mention the role of DMARDs in the Management of rheumatoid arthritis.
SHORT ANSWERS
10 x 2 = 20 Marks
13. Explain the clinical manifestations of psoriasis. Power.FirstPa
12. Enumerate the clinical signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus.
14. Illustrate the mechanism of anticancer drugs induced emesis.
15. Significance of renal dialysis.
16. Name four diseases that are produced by candida.
17. Major adverse effects of thiazolidinediones.
18. Adverse effects of antithyroid drugs.
19. Outline treatment protocol for chronic renal failure.
20. Define kyphosis
21. Enumerate the risk factors of gout.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Explain the electrophysiology of heart and add
a note on the pathophysiology of cardiac arrythmias.
2. Write the management of asthma along with its treatment algorithm.
3 Explain the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of osteoporosis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Explain the complications of hypertension along with its treatment.
5. Write the differences between type I and type II diabetes mellitus.
6. Write the pathophysiology of congestive cardiac failure and its treatment.
7. Explain the guidelines for prescribing in pediatric patients.
8. Explain the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones and add
a note on their functions.
9. Explain the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia and its treatment.
10. Write the etiopathogenesis of COPD.
11. Explain briefly the types of angina pectoris.
SHORT ANSWERS 10
12. Define hormone replacement therapy and write its importance.
13. Write the side effects of statins.
14. Explain any four drugfour-drug induced pulmonary diseases.
15. What are the types and their clinical features of diabetes mellitus?
16. Explain the pharmacotherapy of myocardial infarction.
17. Define rational drug used and essential drug concept.
18. Define pseudohypertensionpseudo hypertension and emergency hypertension.
19. Write the side effects of ACE inhibitors.
20. Write
a note on insulins.
21. Explain the treatment of conjunctivitis.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of tuberculosis
2. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and management of gastroenteritis.
3. Outline the basic principles of cancer therapy
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Write about etiology and treatment of impetigo
5. Enlist the guidelines for surgical prophylaxis of antibiotics.
6. Write a note on drug induced renal disorders.
7. Discuss the etiology and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis
8. Discuss the mechanism of action and adverse effects of any two anti-HIV drugs
9. Write a note on pathogenesis and management of chronic renal failure
10. Enumerate the reasons for opportunistic infections and how they can be combated? stic
11. Discuss the mechanism of chemotherapeutic drugs-induced nausea and emesis
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Mechanism of action of artemether
13. Mention the anti-retroviral regimen for pregnant women
14. Etiology of psoriasis
15. Mention two drugs useful in septicemia
16. Give two examples for drug interactions of antifungal agents.
17. Mechanism of action of ondansetron
18. Name two drugs useful in bacterial endocarditis with their rationality
19. Enumerate the merits of surgery in breast cancer
20 Signs and symptoms of tubercular meningitis
21. Laboratory investigations for SLE
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any Two)
1. Explain the role of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTs) in the management of HIV infections
2. Discuss the basic principles of cancer chemotherapy. Explain the pharmacotherapy of breast cancer
3. Describe various dialysis techniques used in the management of acute renal failure
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any Six)
4. Explain clinical manifestations of Gonorrhea and syphilis
5. Write a note on drug induced renal failure
6. Explain the algorithm for management of Rheumatoid arthritis
7. Describe the symptoms and management of bacterial septicemia
8. Discuss the role of mannitol in Meningitis
9. Explain the clinical presentation and treatment of superficial Candida infections
10. Explain the general guidelines for selection of appropriate antibiotic for an infection
11. Explain the WHO regimen for Tuberculosis
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Enumerate the abnormal findings of cerebroCerebro spinal fluid in meningitis
13. Explain the role of macrolides in lower respiratory tract infections
14. Illustrate the algorithm for DOTS therapy for tuberculosis
15. List out the complications of peritoneal dialysis
16. Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of eczema
17. Mention any two drugs that can cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
18. Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of spondylitis
19. Enumerate the common causes of protozoal infection
20 Enumerate the clinical sign and symptoms of scabies
21. How chondroprotective agents are helpful in the management of osteoarthritis?
LONG ESSAYS (Answer any two)
1. Discuss the different types of seizures. Pharmacotherapeutic approach to treat epilepsy
2. Classify sleep disorders. Explain insomnia and pharmacotherapy of insomnia in detail
3 Define aplastic anemia. Explain causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of aplastic anemia
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six)
4. Clinical features and diagnosis, including stages of Parkinsons disease
5. Etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of GERD
6. Explain the role of Iron and Ascorbic acid in AnaemiaAnamia
7. Explain pharmacotherapy of ulcerative colitis
8. Diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver
9. Explain signs and symptoms, and venous thromboembolism treatmentreatment.
10.Explain etiology and pathogenesis of stroke www.Firser.com
11.Write the signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of jaundice
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Evidence based medicine
13. Definition of somnambulism
14. Treatment goals for peptic ulcer disease
15. Define panic attack and obsessive-compulsive disorder
16. Liver function tests
17. What is cirrhosis of liver
18. Symptoms of depression
19.Nonpharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorder
20. Classification of stroke
21. Diagnosis of Epilepsy
LONG ESSAYS
2 x 10 20 Marks
1. Explain the pathogenesis of HIV infection and list out the different classes of antiviral agents used for its managements
2. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of acute renal failure
3. Mention various clinical forms of Tuberculosis and explain the management
SHORT ESSAYS
6 x 5 = 30 Marks
4. What are the general guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics?
5. Describe the management of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.
6. Discuss the pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis
7. Explain the therapeutic management of fungal infections
8. Write briefly on the pathogenesis and management of Meningitis
9. Describe the pathogenesis and chemotherapy of leukemia
10. Discuss the lifecycle of malarial parasite
11. Enumerate the difference between the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.
SHORT ANSWERS
12. Diagnosis of syphilis
13. Treatment of eczema
14. Impetigo
15. Risk groups of AIDS
16. Pathophysiology of gout
17. List out the drug induced renal disorders
18. Treatment of otitis media
19. Cryptococcosis
20. Renal dialysis & its types
21. Name four drugs for the treatment of Psoriasis
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