Plant waterlilies from April to September. When choosing a waterlily for your pond, make sure you select the most appropriate size. Typically, large waterlilies should sit 75cm below the surface; medium waterlilies 50cm below and small waterlilies 20cm below. If you plant them too deeply they will fail to flower, too shallow and they will die. If your pond is too deep for your waterlily to grow successfully, add bricks to achieve the ideal depth (be careful not be pierce the liner, here).Water lilies are not often sold at garden centres, so contact a specialist grower for a full range.
Tender waterlilies should be lifted out of the pond before the first frosts, and kept in a light and frost-free place over winter. Keep them submerged in water in a large tub, and follow the specific growing instructions given to you by the specialist nursery.
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Marginals grow in shallow water or damp soil at the edges of ponds. They're as important as oxygenating plants for healthy pond life. Native flowering marginals are good for attracting flying insects, while their foliage will give aquatic wildlife shelter as well as habitat for laying eggs.
Oxygenating plants are vital for maintaining a healthy garden pond. They grow mainly underwater, producing oxygen and absorbing impurities, which help keep the pond clear and clean. They also limit the spread of unwanted algaes and duckweed by competing with them for nutrients.
Be cautious about purchasing aquatic plants. Many of the qualities making plants desirable as water garden or aquaria species (e.g. hardy, fast growing, suited to a wide range of conditions) also make them serious potential weed species that should not be planted in ponds.
Use a fine textured soil with from 10 percent to 20 percent organic matter. Do not use sandy soil because nutrients will readily leach out into the water and cause problems with algal growth. Fill the bottom of the container with soil, add the appropriate type and amount of fertilizer, then fill with soil until the container is 4/5 full. For submersed plants, use ammonium sulfate (21 percent N) at rates of 2.5 g per 4-inch pot or 10.0 g per 6-inch pot (0.5 g N/L of medium). Use only ammonium salts and do not use nitrate or urea. For floating leaved and emergent plants, use fertilizers containing N-P-K (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) ratios such as 15-5-5 (or similar) with micronutrients instead of N alone. Fertilizer rates should not exceed 1.0 g N/L substrate to prevent damage to roots.
Sagittaria grow in shallow water and shoreline areas. Some species have an arrowhead-shaped leaf while others have a more spear-shaped leaf. They are used as food by a variety of wildlife, making them both beneficial and vulnerable. Broadcast the seeds in fall or spring, or set out plants or tubers from March 1 to August 1.
Specific planting instructions are not available for introducing Illinois pondweed but the recommendation for longleaf pondweed might apply: Transplant either winterbuds or nursery grown transplants in early spring. Plant 3 to 5 winterbuds together in a cotton bag. Transplanting can be done up until midsummer. Recommended water depth is 50 cm to 100 cm (20 inches to 40 inches).
This submerged plant is also known as tapegrass or wildcelery. Plants or rootstock can be set out in water a foot or more deep from early spring to early fall at a water depth of from 50 cm to 100 cm (1.5 feet to 3 feet). Transplants must be planted deep enough to cover the root mass and anchor the plant, but care must be taken not to bury the basal rosette. Eelgrass is eagerly eaten by turtles and waterfowl.
This plant is sometimes added to ponds because of its beautiful yellow flower. Unfortunately, it aggressively fills shallow areas making for unattractive conditions. American lotus can be told apart from water lilies and similar plants because there is a no slit in its large circular leaf and it has a distinctive conical seedpod resembling a showerhead. Not recommended for transplanting except in large water bodies water bodies with a limited amount of shallow area.
Plants will rapidly grow in the early spring for cool season and during summer for warm season plants. Algae blooms most often occur in early spring before the plants bloom and late summer when the plants start to rest. Effectively planning ahead to include plants during these seasonal changes will greatly increase your chances of avoiding nuisance algae.
Cool season plants start growing in the winter so they can be active during early spring to combat early spring algae blooms. Some rest through the summer and fall before waking up again in the following late winter.
Both water lilies and lotus need some time to establish themselves and mature. They typically do not bloom in the first year but you can expect to see some blooms in the second year."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "How long do water lilies and lotus plants live?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Once these plants have taken hold, with proper care and maintenance, water lilies and lotus will live for up to 20 years."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Do water lilies and lotus flowers have a fragrance?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Depending on the color of the flowers and species of plant, both water lilies and lotus blooms have a fragrance to them. Some smell like lemon, others sweet, while others have a pleasant floral scent."}}]}]}] Skip to contentbuttonbuttonVisit The Spruce's homepage NewslettersClose search formOpen search formEnter your search termSearch DecorRoom DesignDecoratingDesign StylesSmall SpacesFeng Shui See all GardenPlants A to ZHouseplantsLandscapingPests & ProblemsWild BirdsIn the Weeds With Plant PeopleThe Spruce Gardening Review Board See all Home ImprovementSkills & SpecialtiesPaintingKitchenBathroomInterior RemodelExteriorsOutdoor BuildingHome ServicesGreen ImprovementsThe Spruce Home Improvement Review Board See all CleaningCleaningOrganizingLaundryPest ControlThe Spruce Cleaning Review Board See all CelebrationsEvents & PartiesEtiquette & AdviceBirthdaysGraduations See all What to BuyHow We Test ProductsBeddingFurnitureVacuumsBest GiftsCleaning Products See all NewsHome TrendsBrands & CollectionsSales & DealsHouse ToursPerspectives"One Thing" Video SeriesIn the Weeds With Plant People See all About UsEditorial PolicyProduct TestingDiversity & InclusionGardening Review BoardHome Improvement Review BoardCleaning Review Board See all Learn tips for creating your most beautiful home and garden ever.Subscribe About UsNewsletterPress and MediaContact UsEditorial GuidelinesGardeningPlants & FlowersWater PlantsHow to Grow and Care for Water Lilies and LotusByMarie Iannotti Marie Iannotti Marie Iannotti is a life-long gardener and a veteran Master Gardener with nearly three decades of experience. She's also an author of three gardening books, a plant photographer, public speaker, and a former Cornell Cooperative Extension Horticulture Educator. Marie's garden writing has been featured in newspapers and magazines nationwide and she has been interviewed for Martha Stewart Radio, National Public Radio, and numerous articles.Learn more about The Spruce'sEditorial ProcessUpdated on 03/13/23Reviewed by
There is a huge range of waterlilies to choose from, with flowers in various colours, adding elegance to both formal and informal ponds. They are beneficial as well as decorative, as they provide shelter for pondlife and the shade they cast helps to deter algae.
A key factor when choosing a waterlily is the size and depth of your pond. Many waterlilies are vigorous and can spread to cover several square metres, although there are options for all pond sizes. If you don't have a pond, you can still grow a dwarf waterlily in a large container of water (at least 30cm/1ft deep).
Hardy waterlilies are easy to grow outdoors all year round. Tropical waterlilies can be more tricky, as they need warm water and frost-free conditions in winter.
To find out about the various species and cultivars, go to RHS Plant Finder. Search for 'Nymphaea' and you can browse the photographs and descriptions, and find out where to buy them.
For more inspiration and tips, see our guide to pond plants.
Waterlilies are vigorous, hungry plants. To promote strong growth and flowering, add slow-release aquatic feed every spring. This comes in tablet form, to be pushed down into the compost, so it feeds the plant, not the water.
You can also add these aquatic feed tablets at planting time and when dividing or re-potting plants.
Hardy waterlilies need no protection in winter. The leaves will die in late autumn, and should be cut off as low down as possible and fished out, to prevent them decaying in the water.
The plant will stay dormant over winter, then start into growth once the water temperature rises. Leaves usually appear on the surface by mid-spring, depending on your local conditions.
Tropical waterlilies need a water temperature of at least 10C (50F) over winter. Alternatively, take them out of the pond, remove the fading foliage, then store the tubers in damp sand at a minimum of 10C (50F).
Most waterlilies should be divided every four to five years, to prevent them becoming overgrown and congested, which can reduce flowering. If leaves are pushed up out of the water, rather than floating on the surface, the plant is in need of dividing.
See our guide to propagating pond plants. be457b7860
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