Checkers[note 1] (American English), also known as draughts (/drfts, drfts/; British English), is a group of strategy board games for two players which involve diagonal moves of uniform game pieces and mandatory captures by jumping over opponent pieces. Checkers is developed from alquerque.[1] The term "checkers" derives from the checkered board which the game is played on, whereas "draughts" derives from the verb "to draw" or "to move".[2]
An uncrowned piece (man) moves one step diagonally forwards and captures an adjacent opponent's piece by jumping over it and landing on the next square. Multiple enemy pieces can be captured in a single turn provided this is done by successive jumps made by a single piece; the jumps do not need to be in the same line and may "zigzag" (change diagonal direction). In American checkers, men can jump only forwards; in international draughts and Russian draughts, men can jump both forwards and backwards.
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In international draughts, kings (also called flying kings) move any distance along unblocked diagonals. They may capture an opposing man any distance away by jumping to any of the unoccupied squares immediately beyond it. Because jumped pieces remain on the board until the turn is complete, it is possible to reach a position in a multi-jump move where the flying king is blocked from capturing further by a piece already jumped.
American checkers (English draughts) has been the arena for several notable advances in game artificial intelligence. In 1951 Christopher Strachey wrote the first video game program on checkers. The checkers program tried to run for the first time on 30 July 1951 at NPL, but was unsuccessful due to program errors. In the summer of 1952 he successfully ran the program on Ferranti Mark 1 computer and played the first computer checkers and arguably the first video game ever according to certain definitions. In the 1950s, Arthur Samuel created one of the first board game-playing programs of any kind. More recently, in 2007 scientists at the University of Alberta[23] developed their "Chinook" program to the point where it is unbeatable. A brute force approach that took hundreds of computers working nearly two decades was used to solve the game,[24] showing that a game of checkers will always end in a draw if neither player makes a mistake.[25][26] The solution is for the checkers variation called go-as-you-please (GAYP) checkers and not for the variation called three-move restriction checkers, however it is a legal three-move restriction game because only openings believed to lose are barred under the three-move restriction. As of December 2007, this makes American checkers the most complex game ever solved.
Column draughts (Russian towers), also known as Bashni, is a kind of draughts, known in Russia since the beginning of the nineteenth century, in which the game is played according to the usual rules of Russian draughts, but with the difference that the captured man is not removed from the playing field: rather, it is placed under the capturing piece (man or tower).
English draughts (British English) or checkers (American English), also called straight checkers or simply draughts,[note 1] is a form of the strategy board game checkers (or draughts). It is played on an 88 checkerboard with 12 pieces per side. The pieces move and capture diagonally forward, until they reach the opposite end of the board, when they are crowned and can thereafter move and capture both backward and forward.
As in all forms of draughts, English draughts is played by two opponents, alternating turns on opposite sides of the board. The pieces are traditionally black, red, or white. Enemy pieces are captured by jumping over them.
The 88 variant of draughts was weakly solved in 2007 by a team of Canadian computer scientists led by Jonathan Schaeffer. From the standard starting position, both players can guarantee a draw with perfect play.
The December 1977 issue of the English Draughts Association Journal published a letter from Alan Beckerson of London who had discovered a number of complete games of twenty moves in length. These were the shortest games ever discovered and gained Alan a place in the Guinness Book of Records. He offered a 100 prize to anybody who could discover a complete game in less than twenty moves.In February 2003, Martin Bryant (author of the Colossus draughts program) published a paper on his website[1] presenting an exhaustive analysis showing that there exist 247 games of twenty moves in length (and confirmed that this is the shortest possible game) leading (by tranposition) to 32 distinct final positions.
The men's World Championship in English draughts dates to the 1840s, predating the men's Draughts World Championship, the championship for men in International draughts, by several decades. Noted world champions include Andrew Anderson, James Wyllie, Robert Martins, Robert D. Yates, James Ferrie, Alfred Jordan, Newell W. Banks, Robert Stewart, Asa Long, Walter Hellman, Marion Tinsley, Derek Oldbury, Ron King, Michele Borghetti, Alex Moiseyev, Patricia Breen, and Amangul Durdyyeva.[5] Championships are held in GAYP (Go As You Please) and 3-Move versions.
The first English draughts computer program was written by Christopher Strachey, M.A. at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), London.[6] Strachey finished the programme, written in his spare time, in February 1951. It ran for the first time on the NPL's Pilot ACE computer on 30 July 1951. He soon modified the programme to run on the Manchester Mark 1 computer.
The number of possible positions in English draughts is 500,995,484,682,338,672,639[12] and it has a game-tree complexity of approximately 1040.[13] By comparison, chess is estimated to have between 1043 and 1050 legal positions.
There are many variants rules to play checkers online, with different gameboards and different number of pieces. The international checkers versionĀ Polish draughts , is regulated by the FMJD, Fdration Mondiale du Jeu de Dames. In this variant, the each player has 20 stone on a 10Ā 10 board.
Draughts (meaning also Checkers) is definitely the best international board game of all brain games. Simple but challenging, it can be played for free or for money by beginners and adepts as well. You can play draughts online 2 players with friends or against the computer, on your android phone, iOS or iPad.
The draughts is a board game for two opponents. The game consists of moving the pieces diagonally through the black or white squares of a board of 64 or 100 squares with the intention of capturing (eating) the pieces of the opposing player passing over said pieces.
There are several modalities, with different boards and number of pieces. The international version, also calledĀ Polish draughts , is regulated by the Fdration Mondiale du Jeu de Dames ( FMJD ) and is played on a 10Ā 10 board with two players with 20 pieces each. The normal pieces move 1 square vertically and if the edge is reached in the area of the enemy the piece will become a queen, which can be moved diagonally to any side the frames you want.
Chinook is the name of the software created by Jonathan Schaeffer, the first program that first played the draughts at the tournament level, reaching the world champion of the time, Don Lafferty, who finally resolved the development of the game towards a draw. Inescapably.
The Russian draughts are the same as the pool checkers with the difference that if in the middle of a capture you reach the last row you crown and you continue the capture as a lady and that the white ones start. It is played in parts of the former Soviet Union and in Israel they have different game modes.
A variant of the Russian draughts in which, using the same rules, the objective is reversed: the one who manages to run out of pieces or have the ones blocked has won. Generally, these lose/win versions are practiced in almost all checkers games, but not They are considered more than just entertainment. However, in Russia, this variant not only has its own name but also enjoys prestige and championships are held in the same way as with the Shashki variant.
This is a peculiar variant of the draughts, played between 2, 4 or 6 players, each with a different color. The board is also squared (in the case of playing 6 players the board is hexagonal) but with many more squares.
When I discussed this with my wife she said, "aren't you going to teach her draughts first?". I must admit, this didn't occur to me, and I have already bought her a chess book (which I haven't given to her yet). I learned chess at about my daughter's age (maybe a touch older), and although I knew draughts already it never really got much of a look-in after I learned chess.
Is there any value in teaching her draughts/checkers first, as a stepping stone, then moving to chess after a year or six months or something? Or should I just jump straight in with chess if she is capable? Would love to hear some thoughts.
When I was a kid I always disliked draughts, but I was always fascinated by chess, even though I didn't know how to play the latter until years later. I wish my parents had gotten me involved with chess much earlier. In my experience attraction to a given game is inherent, probably influenced even by genetics at an early age, so I would go by natural attraction, not by complexity. Anyway, chess isn't very hard to learn. Even football has more rules than chess, and kids play football early on.
The game is won by the player who first manages to take all his opponent's pieces or renders them unable to move.A draw occurs by agreement at any point during the game. If a player refuses the offer of a draw, that player is required to force a win or show a decided advantage within 40 of that players own moves from that point. Draws are fairly common in the game of draughts - especially at the top level of the game. 9af72c28ce
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