Hydronephrosis is a condition characterized by the swelling of one or both kidneys due to improper drainage of urine from the kidney to the bladder. This can lead to accumulation of urine within the kidney, resulting in pressure-related damage if left untreated. Although relatively uncommon, it affects around 1% of the general population and is frequently diagnosed in fetuses during prenatal ultrasound screening.

In children, hydronephrosis may present either at birth or during infancy. Some cases may resolve on their own, while others require medical or surgical intervention to prevent permanent kidney damage. Early identification and proper evaluation are critical to determining the severity and best course of action.

Common Causes of Hydronephrosis in Children:

1. Urinary Tract Obstruction: A blockage in the urinary system—commonly at the pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) or uretero-vesical junction (UVJ)—prevents normal urine flow, causing kidney swelling. Posterior urethral valves, seen in male infants, can also obstruct urine flow, leading to bilateral hydronephrosis requiring endoscopic surgery.

2. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR): In this condition, urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys, risking recurrent infections and renal damage.

Signs and Symptoms to Watch for:

• Antenatal diagnosis on ultrasound

• Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Pain or a palpable mass in the abdomen or flank

• Urinary disturbances such as painful or frequent urination

• Poor weight gain (failure to thrive) in infants

Diagnosis and Treatment Options:

If hydronephrosis is suspected, detailed evaluation through ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), renal scans (DTPA/DMSA), blood, and urine tests is essential. Treatment depends on the severity—mild cases may only need monitoring, while severe or symptomatic cases might require surgical intervention to relieve obstruction or correct reflux.

For parents seeking Hydronephrosis in Child Treatment Delhi, leading pediatric urologists and surgeons offer comprehensive care using advanced diagnostic tools and minimally invasive procedures to ensure optimal outcomes.

Final Thought:

Hydronephrosis should not be ignored, even if mild. Timely evaluation and appropriate management can prevent irreversible kidney damage and ensure healthy growth and development in children.

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