Surgery 1

1. Thyroid gland, parathyroid glands: Brief anatomical overview. Developmental anomalies, thyroid research methods, endemic goiter, thyrotoxicosis, thyroid tumors, traumatic injury, abscess, phlegmon. Parathyroid glands and their diseases.

2. Breast. Methods of breast research, developmental defects, lesions, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Benign and malignant tumors of the breast. Benign and malignant tumors of the breast. 

3. Surgical anatomy and mechanics of respiration. Pneumothorax, airway obstruction, lung abscess and gangrene, lung cysts, bronchiectasis, pleural empyema, malignant and benign lung tumors.Clinic, diagnostics, treatment.

4. Heart and pericardium; Anatomy and Physiology; Special methods of examination; The role of heart bypass in cardiac surgery. Congenital heart defects; Acquired heart defects, prosthetic valves. Ischemic heart disease; Diseases of the ascending aorta. Diseases of the pericardium, clinic, diagnosis, treatment.

5. Aorta and peripheral arteries. Special methods of examination. Major arterial pathologies. Arterial malformations, traumas, aneurysms. Thrombosis and embolism. Obliterative arteritis, Bruger disease, obstructive atherosclerosis, diabetic angiopathy, Lerich syndrome. Phlebology - pathology of the venous system. Special methods of examination. Congenital anomalies - phleboangiodysplasias. Trunk vein injuries. Acute thrombosis. Varicose disease. Thrombophlebitis. Postthrombophlebitis syndrome. Pathology of the lymphatic system.

6. Esophageal diseases anatomy and physiology of the esophagus and their relationship to diseases with clinical features, examinations and treatment. Esophageal foreign bodies, perforation, corrosive lesions, achalasia, Barrett's esophagus, paraesophageal hernia. Esophageal diseases.

7. Pathologies of the stomach and duodenum. Surgical anatomy. Methods of examination of the stomach and duodenum. Developmental defects. Injuries, odd bodies. Gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer disease, acute ulcers, perforation, pylorostenosis, acute gastroduodenal bleeding. Pathologies of the stomach and duodenum.

8. Abdominal hernias, topographic anatomy of the abdominal wall, features, surgical anatomy of the uterine area. Abdominal hernias - uterine, thigh, white line, umbilical - clinic, diagnosis, modern principles of treatment and tactics - features of operations. Rare hernias.

9. Liver diseases. Topographical-anatomical aspects of the liver and bile ducts, surgical anatomy of the liver, physiology, methods of examination of the organs of the liver and hepatobiliary area, Basic basics of surgical technique during liver surgeries, liver abscess, liver cysts, hemangioma, primary and secondary liver tumors.Traumatic liver injury.

10. Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts - clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Surgical anatomy. Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts- methods of examinations Developmental defects. Cholecystitis with and without gallstones , cholangitis, gallbladder empyema. Postcholecystectomy syndrome. Mechanical jaundice. Tumors of the gallbladder and bile ducts.

11. Diseases of the pancreas - clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Surgical anatomy. Gastrointestinal pathologies - clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst, pancreatic cancer - clinic, diagnosis, treatment.

12. Spleen diseases. Surgical anatomy. Traumatic spleen injury, splenic cyst, splenic infarction, hypersplenism, thrombocytopenic purpura. Clinic, diagnostics, treatment. 

13. Small intestine diseases. Surgical anatomy and physiology Crohn's disease, Meckel's diverticulum, vascular diseases of the small intestine, small bowel cancer, short bowel syndrome, clinic, diagnosis, management. Intestinal obstruction, definition of the concept, types of intestinal obstruction, classification of obstruction, causes of occurrence and development, diagnostic methods, criteria for choosing conservative and surgical treatment methods, prevention of expected complications.

14. Worm intestinal diseases - etiopathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Surgical anatomy. Worm intestinal diseases - acute appendicitis, chronic appendicitis, appendicular infiltrate, acute appendicitis in pregnant women, elderly patients and children. Intestinal tumors.

15. Large intestine diseases. Surgical anatomy. Classification of diseases of the colon - inflammatory diseases, diverticulitis, clinic, diagnosis, management. Benign and malignant tumors of the large intestine, rectal cancer, clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Methods of palliative and radical operations.

16. Diseases of the peritoneum. Surgical anatomy and physiology. Peritonitis, Classification, Microbiology. Local and diffuse peritonitis, clinic, diagnosis, management, prognosis and complications. Specific forms of peritonitis. Abdominal abscesses, clinic, diagnosis, management. Retroperitoneal abscess. Healing, healing disease.

Final Exam - Within a week upon completion of curation 

Make-up exam - not less than 5 days after the announcement of the final exam results