1. Vision - both acuity and visual teaming/tracking (vision drives movement during early infant development, optometrists generally assess acuity and teaming while opthamologists assess vision and eye position)
2. Hearing assessment (asymmetrical hearing can reflexively cause an asymmetrical head position)
3. Vestibular assessment (asymmetrical head righting and general response to movement (over-responding or under-responding) can warrant referral to physical or occupational therapist)
4. Neurological screen (to rule out possible brachial plexus injury or warrant possible imaging)
5. Muscle tightness (palpable or visible tightness of neck muscles, early referral to physical therapy)
6. Cervical joint range of motion (difficulty achieving "nose over shoulder" or 90 degrees cervical rotation head position on either side at any age warrants an early referral to physical therapy)
7. Reflux or GERD (this can cause an extension pattern and/or torticollis pain avoiding response)
8. Plagiocephaly (this could warrant an early referral for cranial band or orthosis)
9. Difficulties with latching, feeding, weight gain OR visible jaw/cheek/facial asymmetries (this could require referral to a lactation consultant or feeding specialist)
10. Hip dysplasia (there is a documented higher incidence of hip dysplasia in the population of infants with torticollis)