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A wake is a social gathering associated with death, held before a funeral. Traditionally, a wake involves family and friends keeping watch over the body of the dead person, usually in the home of the deceased. Some wakes are held at a funeral home or another convenient location. The wake or the viewing of the body is a part of death rituals in many cultures. It allows one last interaction with the dead, providing a time for the living to express their thoughts and feelings with the deceased.[1] It highlights the idea that the loss is borne by the whole community and is a way of honoring the deceased member.[2] The emotional tone of a wake is sometimes seen as more positive than a funeral due to the socially supportive atmosphere and the focus on the life rather than the death of the deceased.[3]

The term originally referred to a late-night prayer vigil but is now mostly used for the social interactions accompanying a funeral. While the modern usage of the verb wake is "become or stay alert", a wake for the dead harks back to the vigil, "watch" or "guard" of earlier times. It is a misconception that people at a wake are waiting in case the deceased should "wake up".[4]

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The term wake was originally used to denote a prayer vigil, often an annual event held on the feast day of the saint to whom a parish church was dedicated.[5] Over time the association with prayer has become less important, although not lost completely,[6] and in many countries a wake is now mostly associated with the social interactions accompanying a funeral.[4]

The wake (Irish: trramh, faire) is a key part of the death customs of Ireland; it is an important phase in the separation of the dead from the world of the living and transition to the world of the dead.[7] Typically lasting one or two days, it is a continuous watch kept over the dead by family and friends, usually in their own home, before burial.[7] Shane McCorristine writes that the original purposes of an Irish wake were to honour the dead, to celebrate their life, to ensure that death had really occurred, to guard the body from evil, and to placate their soul.[8]

Shortly after death, the body is usually prepared and placed in a coffin at a funeral home, then brought to the dead person's home for the wake, which is now referred to as the 'wake house'. Historically, the body was usually washed, groomed and clothed in a white shroud at their own home by local wise women.[7] Traditionally, windows of a wake house are left open to let the soul leave the room, mirrors are covered or turned around, clocks are stopped, and household pets are kept out for the duration of the wake.[7] It is also customary for candles to be kept lit.[8]

Relatives and friends are expected to visit to pay respects to the dead and to their family, who in turn provide hospitality.[7] At intervals, a collective prayer might be said; for Catholics usually the Rosary.[7] Traditionally there is food and drink, as well as storytelling, music, singing and dancing.[7] Historically, wakes were important social gatherings for the young, who sometimes partook in rowdier amusements and courtship.[7] Patricia Lysaght says the traditional revelry at wakes can be seen as a way of reasserting the life of the community in the face of death.[7] However, when a death is particularly tragic, or that of a child, the wake is more private and mournful.[8]

Historically, keening was performed at the wake by a group of women who sat around the body. It was a poetic lament for the dead, addressed directly to the dead person. A leading keening woman (bean chaointe) chanted verses and led a choral death wail, in which the other keeners joined while swaying rhythmically. Sometimes professional keeners were hired to fulfill this obligation to the dead. Lysaght writes, "This communal lamentation is often described as having a cathartic effect on family and community members present".[7]

Historically, there was a custom in Wales to store the coffin in the home until the funeral.[9] Friends and neighbours would volunteer for the ritual of gwylio'r corff ('watching the body'). The wake, known as gwylnos was held the night preceding the funeral and was a time of merriment.

The Division of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology is dedicated to providing outstanding clinical care for patients with disorders that affect the sleep-wake cycle. We are committed to performing high quality research and to making outstanding contributions to the areas of clinical research that includes the entire spectrum of sleep medicine. We are devoted to producing well-trained and highly qualified sleep specialists.

The Center is staffed by adult and pediatric neurologists, as well as a clinical psychologist. All staff members are sleep specialists certified by the American Board of Sleep Medicine, knowledgeable of the most recent developments in the field of sleep-wake disorders. Consults in cardiology, psychiatry, pediatrics, dentistry, pulmonology and otolaryngology (ear, nose and throat) are also available when needed.

Many factors play a role in preparing your body to fall asleep and wake up. Your body has several internal clocks, called circadian clocks. These typically follow a 24-hour repeating rhythm, called the circadian rhythm. This rhythm affects every cell, tissue, and organ in your body and how they work. Learn more in our Circadian Rhythms Disorders page.

Your body has a biological need for sleep that increases when you have been awake for a long time. This is controlled by homeostasis, the process by which your body keeps your systems, such as your internal body temperature, steady.

A compound called adenosine is linked to this need for sleep. While you are awake, the level of adenosine in your brain continues to rise. The rising levels signal a shift toward sleep. Caffeine and certain drugs can interrupt this process by blocking adenosine.

Your Executive Council has worked diligently to rebuild our society, enabling it to continue to support our local medical community and our patients. We contracted with the North Carolina Medical Society to provide administrative support even as we remain an entity distinct from the NCMS. We revised our mission to focus on maintaining and building collegiality amongst our members and to combat isolation. WCMS cannot solve all of the challenges facing medicine but can help maintain personal and professional connections that are vitally important. We have every reason to be proud of our ancient profession. We have just elected a strong new team of leaders and extensively revised our bylaws to support continuity and enable us to meet the challenges ahead more efficiently. Our website www.wakedocs.org has been upgraded. In 2024 we shall offer more varied programs to bring our members and their families together and attract new members. Much remains to be done. You have a part to play in our future. All of our medical community are welcome, whether you are employed, an independent practitioner, retired, or a medical trainee to be a part of Wake County Medical Society.

A separate study I conducted of newspaper coverage in the wake of the 2016 election found that about a third of news stories and op-eds argued that Clinton lost because of her focus on identity politics.

Supply chains across industries are going through an unprecedented global disruption in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic which has shuttered airports, seaports and hampered the movement of goods and people around the world.

A funeral celebration, common in Ireland, at which the participants stay awake all night keeping watch over the body of the dead person before burial. A wake traditionally involves a good deal of feasting and drinking.

Little is known about sleep/wake abnormalities in intensive care and less is known about the mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities. We studied 22 (20 mechanically ventilated) medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with continuous polysomnography (PSG) and environmental noise measurements for 24-48 h to characterize sleep-wake patterns and objectively determine the effect of environmental noise on sleep disruption. All 22 patients demonstrated sleep-wake cycle abnormalities. There were large variations in total sleep time (TST) with the mean total sleep time per 24-h study period of 8.8 +/- 5.0 h. Sleep-wake cycles were fragmented and nonconsolidated with a mean of 57 +/- 18% and 43 +/- 18% of the TST occurring during the day and night, respectively. Environmental noise was responsible for 11.5 and 17% of the overall arousals and awakenings from sleep, respectively. The mean noise arousal index was 1.9 +/- 2.1 arousals/h sleep.

Conclusions: (1) ICU patients are qualitatively, but not necessarily quantitatively, sleep deprived; and (2) although environmental noise is in part responsible for sleep-wake abnormalities, it is not responsible for the majority of the sleep fragmentation and may therefore not be as disruptive to sleep as the previous literature suggests. ff782bc1db