Like the real thing, computer viruses replicate themselves, spreading through your operating system and network. At the same time, the virus is wreaking havoc: it can damage programs, delete files, and make devastating changes to your hard drive, all of which can result in reduced performance. Some viruses will even crash your entire system. Viruses can also give their cybercriminal creators a backdoor to destroy or steal your sensitive data and documents.

The most common reason your computer will get infected is because you downloaded or installed infected files. Pirated media and free games are common culprits, and so are phishing attacks where you click on a bad link, button, or email attachment. Once clicked, the virus or other malware installs itself. Similarly, viruses can infect your computer when you visit scam websites. Sometimes, you can unintentionally install a virus from an infected external drive, like a USB stick.


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If you cannot delete the virus or infected files, try restoring your computer to an earlier back-up before you began having problems. Then scan your system again with antivirus software and see if the same issues exist.

Delete all the temporary files on your computer. How you delete these files is usually easy, but it depends on your operating system (like Windows or macOS). If you search for information for your specific system, you can find detailed information.

Public wi-fi in cafes, airports, and other businesses can be convenient, but these networks are often unsecured and leave your phone, tablet, or computer susceptible to viruses. Using a personal mobile hotspot or VPN (virtual private network) is a more secure way to connect when you are on the go.

Computer viruses have come a long way from the early days of personal computers, when teenage hackers competed for bragging rights, creating malware designed for mischief or random mayhem. Now, the hackers have gone professional, and their ambitions have grown; rather than amateurs working out of their parents' basement, malware creators are often part of an underworld criminal gang, or working directly for a foreign government or intelligence agency. As the stakes have grown, so too has the potential damage and destruction brought on by malware.

In the late 1990s, a computer virus known as CIH began infecting some computers. Its payload, when triggered, overwrote system information and destroyed the computer's BIOS, essentially bricking whatever computer it infected. Could a virus that affects modern operating systems (Like Windows 10) destroy the BIOS of a modern computer and essentially brick it the same way, or is it now impossible for a virus to gain access to a modern computer's BIOS?

Modern computers don't have a BIOS, they have a UEFI. Updating the UEFI firmware from the running operating system is a standard procedure, so any malware which manages to get executed on the operating system with sufficient privileges could attempt to do the same. However, most UEFIs will not accept an update which isn't digitally signed by the manufacturer. That means it should not be possible to overwrite it with arbitrary code.

Your question hints at a more deep subject that is rings and permissions of code on an operating system. On MS DOS the code could do whatever it wants. If the code wanted to write all 0x00's to a hard drive it could if it wanted to send strange output to a piece of hardware it could also there was nothing stopping the user's code. On a modern OS there is a concept of rings (this is enforced by the CPU). The kernel runs on ring zero and it could do whatever it wants. The user's code on the other hand can not. It runs on something called ring 3 and it is given it's own little piece of memory and inside of that memory it can do whatever it wants but it can not directly talk to hardware. If the user's code tries to talk to hardware then the kernel immediately kills the program. This means that it is highly unlikely that a regular virus can kill hardware because it can not talk to it directly.

A bug in the firmware of an MSI laptop meant that clearing the efi variables caused the laptop to be unusable. Because these variables were exposed to the OS and mounted as a file, deleting every file from the OS level caused the issue which could be exploited by a virus to specifically target these variables.

There are many ways, and some of them are unsettling. For example, Computrace seems to be a permanent backdoor that can bypass not only the operating system but even the BIOS. And more generally, the Intel Management Engine has full control over your computer and can plausibly be exploited. These can modify your BIOS but do not even need to. Just in 2017, security researchers figured out how to exploit the Intel IME via USB to run unsigned code.

The point is that even if you have a completely secure operating system and you never download any insecure or malicious software, there is still a non-negligible possibility that you can be affected by a malware that bypasses all that by exploiting a security vulnerability in your hardware (even when your computer is supposedly powered off).

If the attacker gains sufficient permission to install even an official UEFI firmware, correctly signed by the system manufacturer, they can still potentially leave the computer in an un-bootable state by forcefully powering off the computer at an opportune time during the process.

The update code in modern firmwares usually tries to minimize the amount of time the computer spends in a state where a power failure will cause corruption of the firmware, and some firmwares even have a recovery mode which will activate in such a case.

The vast majority of computer viruses are designed to only target computer data. Furthermore, modern hardware is more difficult to damage hardware beyond repair. If you have problems with a computer hardware device, such as a printer, video card, sound card, or another hardware device, it's likely not due to a virus.

It's plausible that someone could write malware designed to target a person or company to damage hardware. However, for this type of attack, the person wouldn't create a virus that infects other computers.

Like damaging a chip on the motherboard, increase the fan's speed till something explodes, or anything similar to that. I am not an IT guru, but I never came across a malicious code that couldn't be erased using a certain software, nor a virus that caused something beyond corrupting the OS.

There are exceptions, though. Probably the most effective attack would be to turn off the computer's cooling system, run the CPU at full load, and hope something burns out before the computer's thermal protection system shuts it down. Fast-reacting shutdown systems have been standard for about a decade, though, and it's unlikely to work. Alternatively, the virus could drive the CPU, GPU, and memory at maximum and hope the system was built with an undersized power supply -- cheap power supplies have been known to explode or catch fire when overloaded.

A virus could try to wear out a solid-state drive by repeatedly over-writing it, but wear leveling in modern drives is a highly effective countermeasure: it would take tens or hundreds of terabytes of writing, over the course of months or years, to cause the drive to fail.

Older systems are a very different matter. For example, monitors made before the mid-1990s typically didn't have protection against being driven at the wrong refresh rate. Overdriving (or underdriving) the scan circuits could cause them to burn out. Going back further, hard drives in the 80s and earlier didn't park the heads automatically. A virus that intercepted the "park" command could cause a head crash at power-down. Some floppy drives didn't have adequate protection against out-of-range head seeks; a virus that moved the drive head enough could cause permanent misalignment.

But in all seriousness, yes malware can cause physical damage to your computer. Perhaps the most notable instance of this is Stuxnet which caused the centrifuges of nuclear centers in Iran to spin at a rapid pace, while informing operators that the were functioning at normal speeds.

While some of you are somewhat correct in what you're saying, I would say you're all a bit off. An advanced worm could actually exploit one's computer at the hardware level, and hack into and reprogram PLC's (programmable logic controllers). One could exploit and utilize PLC's to absolutely cause a fan speeds to go off the charts, or to stop them and effectively destroy vital components/chipsets. It has been done before, many times. I forgot the name of the worm, but a worm had infiltrated and exploited very specific computers in Iran (I believe it was Iran), which had EFFECTIVELY messed up their whole nuclear program (at least for awhile) by infecting PLC's to cause turbines to spin at an extreme frequency to totally mess the program up. I suppose we all know who did this... probably either the US's CIA (or NSA) or another clandestine agency sent in to spy on the specs of their systems and therefore launch an effective worm to destroy or at least set back their nuclear program for quite a while.

This is all very well documented, and it does and can happen to anyone. IF one may correct me if I may be wrong about the specific worm (worm's are like viruses, except they actually are designed to automatically find and exploit a system it has found to be vulnerable. I believe the name of this worm (I may be wrong) to be called "Stuxnet." But it essentially exploits vulnerabilities on a system (mainframes/servers) and uses whatever means it has at its disposal (AI usually) to do whatever the writer(s) designed it to exploit and do. Sabotage and acting as and being a sort of botnet which spreads through exploitation of exposed/vulnerable targets. Some of these types of worms are very dangerous, even in the real-world.. from grabbing CC's and bank account info even, along with completely messing systems up.. to sabotage, or serve some selfish agenda(s). 2351a5e196

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